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Skin-friction reduction using periodic blowing through streamwise slits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2021

X.Q. Cheng Open the ORCID record for X.Q. Cheng [Opens in a new window] ,
Z.X. Qiao ,
X. Zhang ,
M. Quadrio Open the ORCID record for M. Quadrio [Opens in a new window]  and
Y. Zhou
X.Q. Cheng
Affiliation:
Center for Turbulence Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
Z.X. Qiao
Affiliation:
Center for Turbulence Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
X. Zhang
Affiliation:
Center for Turbulence Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
M. Quadrio
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156Milano, Italy
Y. Zhou*
Affiliation:
Center for Turbulence Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
*
†Email address for correspondence: yuzhou@hit.edu.cn
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Abstract

Active skin-friction reduction in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) is experimentally studied based on time-periodic blowing through one array of streamwise slits. The control parameters investigated include the blowing amplitude A+ and frequency f+, which, expressed in wall units, range from 0 to 2 and from 0.007 to 0.56, respectively. The maximum local friction reduction downstream of the slits reaches more than 70 %; friction does not fully recover to the state of the natural TBL until 500 wall units behind the slits. A positive net power saving is possible, and 4.01 % is measured with a local friction drag reduction (DR) of 49 %. A detailed analysis based on hot-wire, particle image velocimetry and smoke-wire flow visualization data is performed to understand the physical mechanisms involved. Spectral analysis indicates weakened near-wall large-scale structures. Flow visualizations show stabilized streaky structures and a locally relaminarized flow. Two factors are identified to contribute to the DR. Firstly, the jets from the slits create streamwise vortices in the near-wall region, preventing the formation of near-wall streaks and interrupting the turbulence generation cycle. Secondly, the zero-streamwise-momentum fluid associated with the jets also accounts for the DR. A closed-loop opposing control system is developed, along with an open-loop desynchronized control scheme, to quantify the two contributions. The latter is found to account for 77 % of the DR, whereas the former is responsible for 23 %. An empirical scaling of the DR is also proposed, which provides valuable insight into the TBL control physics.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer control
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 920 , 10 August 2021 , A50
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

‡

Joint first authors.

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