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Sound and turbulence modulation by particles in high-speed shear flows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2019

David A. Buchta Open the ORCID record for David A. Buchta [Opens in a new window] ,
Gregory Shallcross  and
Jesse Capecelatro Open the ORCID record for Jesse Capecelatro [Opens in a new window]
David A. Buchta*
Affiliation:
Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Gregory Shallcross
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Jesse Capecelatro
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: buchta1@illinois.edu
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Abstract

High-speed free-shear-flow turbulence, laden with droplets or particles, can radiate weaker pressure fluctuations than its unladen counterpart. In this study, Eulerian–Lagrangian simulations of high-speed temporally evolving shear layers laden with monodisperse, adiabatic, inertial particles are used to examine particle–turbulence interactions and their effect on radiated pressure fluctuations. An evolution equation for gas-phase pressure intensity is formulated for particle-laden flows, and local mechanisms of pressure changes are quantified over a range of Mach numbers and particle mass loadings. Particle–turbulence interactions alter the local pressure intensity directly via volume displacement (due to the flow of finite-size particles) and drag coupling (due to local slip velocity between phases), and indirectly through significant turbulence changes. The sound radiation intensity near subsonic mixing layers increases with mass loading, consistent with existing low Mach number theory. For supersonic flows, sound levels decrease with mass loading, consistent with trends observed in previous experiments. Particle-laden cases exhibit reduced turbulent kinetic energy compared to single-phase flow, providing one source of their sound changes; however, the subsonic flow does not support such an obvious source-to-sound decomposition to explain its sound intensity increase. Despite its decrease in turbulence intensity, the louder particle-laden subsonic flows show an increase in the magnitude and time-rate-of-change of fluid dilatation, providing a mechanism for its increased sound radiation. Contrasting this, the quieter supersonic particle-laden flows exhibit decreased gas-phase dilatation yet its time-rate-of-change is relatively insensitive to mass loading, supporting such a connection.

JFM classification

Acoustics: Aeroacoustics Turbulent Flows: Compressible turbulence Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 875 , 25 September 2019 , pp. 254 - 285
Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press 

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