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The stability of pendent liquid drops. Part 2. Axial symmetry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2006

E. Pitts
E. Pitts
Affiliation:
Research Division, Kodak Limited, Headstone Drive, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 4TY
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Abstract

In a drop of liquid which hangs below a horizontal support or a t the end of a tube, the forces due to surface tension, pressure and gravity are in equilibrium. Amongst the many possible equilibrium shapes of the drop, only those which are stable occur naturally. The calculus of variations has been used to determine theoretically the stable equilibria, by calculating the energy change when the liquid in equilibrium experiences axially symmetrical perturbations under physically realistic constraints. If the energy change can be made negative, the drop is unstable. With this criterion, stable equilibria have been identified through which the naturally growing drops evolve until they reach a maximum volume, when they become unstable. These results are illustrated by calculations relating to typical experimental conditions.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 63 , Issue 3 , 29 April 1974 , pp. 487 - 508
Copyright
© 1974 Cambridge University Press

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