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Theoretical and numerical study of nanoporous evaporation with receded liquid surface: effect of Knudsen number

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 October 2021

Ran Li Open the ORCID record for Ran Li [Opens in a new window] ,
Jiahao Wang  and
Guodong Xia
Ran Li*
Affiliation:
MOE Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Jiahao Wang
Affiliation:
MOE Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Guodong Xia*
Affiliation:
MOE Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
*
† Email addresses for correspondence: liran@bjut.edu.cn, xgd@bjut.edu.cn
† Email addresses for correspondence: liran@bjut.edu.cn, xgd@bjut.edu.cn
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Abstract

The liquid evaporation from nanoscale pores has attracted much attention from researchers due to its importance in water treatment and device cooling related applications. It is crucial to investigate the receded liquid case as the vapour flow resistance in a nanopore has high impacts on the evaporation rate. This paper proposed a semi-empirical analysis on nanoporous evaporation with a receded liquid surface under the influence of the Knudsen number. The vapour flow dynamics in a nanopore was examined considering the multiple reflections of vapour molecules. We calculated the value of pore transmissivity based on transitional gas flow correlation which incorporated the effect of the Knudsen number. Direct simulation Monte Carlo method was employed to provide validation for the present model. The vapour density jump near the liquid surface and the pressure ratio between the far field and saturation value were predicted by our model with good precision. It was shown that the vapour flow resistance in the nanopore accounted for more than 90 % of the total resistance in present cases. With increasing Knudsen number, the pressure ratio gradually drops and reaches an asymptotic level. This suggested a relatively higher evaporation resistance in free molecular regimes. The present work revealed the importance of the Knudsen number in nanoporous evaporation with receded liquids, providing insights into the governing factors under various Knudsen regimes.

JFM classification

Phase change: Condensation/evaporation Rarefied Gas Flow: Kinetic theory Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics: Non-continuum effects
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 928 , 10 December 2021 , A9
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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