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Time-resolved wake dynamics of finite wall-mounted circular cylinders submerged in a turbulent boundary layer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2021

Ebenezer E. Essel Open the ORCID record for Ebenezer E. Essel [Opens in a new window] ,
Mark F. Tachie  and
Ram Balachandar
Ebenezer E. Essel*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONN9B 3P4, Canada
Mark F. Tachie
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MBR3T 5V6, Canada
Ram Balachandar
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONN9B 3P4, Canada
*
†Email address for correspondence: ebenezer.essel@uwindsor.ca
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Abstract

The unsteady flow separation and wake dynamics around finite wall-mounted circular cylinders fully immersed in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) are investigated experimentally using a time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) system. The cylinder aspect ratios (h/d = 0.7–7.0, where h and d are the height and diameter of the cylinder, respectively) and the relative boundary layer thickness (δ/d = 8.7, where δ is the boundary layer thickness) were chosen to systematically investigate the effects of submergence ratio (δ/h = 1.2–12.4) using δ/h values much larger than that reported in the literature. With δ/h > 1.0, the cylinders encountered elevated turbulence levels (4%–10 %), reduced mean velocity and strong mean shear in the approach TBL which had profound effects on the attachment length and flapping motion of the reverse-flow region on the top surface of the cylinders. The time-averaged statistics including the mean velocities, Reynolds stresses and production terms were used to characterize the flow field and the large-scale anisotropy. The results showed that the wake structure of the submerged cylinders can be divided into dipoles and quadruples with a critical h/d = 3.5 and δ/h = 2.5. Both categories exhibited strong anisotropy, but the quadruples showed an interesting pattern where the streamwise Reynolds normal stress is less than the other components due to negative production in the wake region. Spectral analysis and joint-probability density functions are used to show that the reverse-flow region behind the cylinder is characterized by low-frequency flapping motions with a Strouhal number that decreases with increasing aspect ratio. The spatio-temporal evolution of the vortices also revealed the occurrence of cellular shedding behaviour where the vortices near the free end are shed discretely while those in the lower span are shed in the form of long streaky structures.

JFM classification

Aerodynamics: Flow-structure interactions Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics Wakes/Jets: Wakes
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 917 , 25 June 2021 , A8
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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