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Water–propylene glycol sessile droplet shapes and migration: Marangoni mixing and separation of scales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2022

J. Charlier Open the ORCID record for J. Charlier [Opens in a new window] ,
A.Y. Rednikov Open the ORCID record for A.Y. Rednikov [Opens in a new window] ,
S. Dehaeck Open the ORCID record for S. Dehaeck [Opens in a new window] ,
P. Colinet Open the ORCID record for P. Colinet [Opens in a new window]  and
D. Terwagne Open the ORCID record for D. Terwagne [Opens in a new window]
J. Charlier
Affiliation:
Frugal Lab, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium FabLab ULB, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium TIPs Laboratory, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
A.Y. Rednikov*
Affiliation:
TIPs Laboratory, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
S. Dehaeck
Affiliation:
TIPs Laboratory, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
P. Colinet
Affiliation:
TIPs Laboratory, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
D. Terwagne
Affiliation:
Frugal Lab, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium FabLab ULB, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
*
†Email address for correspondence: alexey.rednikov@ulb.be
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Abstract

New light is shed on morphological features of water–propylene glycol sessile droplets evaporating into ambient air at not too high relative humidity. Such droplets adopt a Marangoni-contracted shape even on perfectly wetting substrates, an effect well known since Cira et al. (Nature, 519, 2015). We here highlight a strong separation of scales normally occurring for such droplets. Namely, there is a narrow high-curvature zone localized at the foot of the droplet, where the apparent contact angle is formed, while the core of the droplet merely adheres to the classical (capillary–gravity) static shape. Experimentally, we rely upon interferometry to discern such fine key details. We detect a maximum of the droplet slope profile in the foot region, which amounts to the apparent contact angle. Theoretically, a local description of the foot region is devised. We indicate a crucial role of convective mixing by the solutal Marangoni flow, here accounted for by the Taylor dispersion, which proves to underlie the separation of scales and ensure self-consistency of the local model. Migration of such droplets in a humidity gradient is also approached within the same experimental and theoretical framework. It is considered that the resulting back–front asymmetry of the apparent contact angles drives the motion similarly to a wettability gradient, although the drag (‘Cox–Voinov’) factor is here found to be different. The predictions, comparing well with the measurements (our own and from the literature), are based on rigorous models, isothermal and as reduced as possible, without any fitting parameters or microphysics effects.

JFM classification

Interfacial Flows (free surface): Contact lines Phase change: Condensation/evaporation Mass Transport: Coupled diffusion and flow
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 933 , 25 February 2022 , A45
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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