Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:34:05.059Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

French future: Exploring the future ratification hypothesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2015

ALDA MARI*
Affiliation:
Institut Jean Nicod (CNRS/ENS/EHESS)
*
Address for correspondence: Alda Mari Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, 29 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris – France email: alda.mari@ens.fr

Abstract

The paper proposes a unified account of the systematic polysemy of French future (FUT) that does not uniquely rely on Aktionsart. It explains the predominant preference for the temporal interpretation of FUT, appealing to the ‘future ratification hypothesis’. This is a felicity condition that can be satisfied to different degrees and among competing interpretations the one that satisfies it to the highest degree is preferred. The paper also shows that FUT does not convey uncertainty at utterance time (tu), and can be used when the attitude holder knows at tu that the embedded proposition is true.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abusch, D. (2004). On the temporal composition of infinitives. In: Guéron, J. and Lecarme, J. (eds.), The Syntax of Time. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 134.Google Scholar
Aikhenvald, A. (2004). Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Azzopardi, S., and Bres, J. (2014). Quand le futur ne porte pas sur le procès qu’il actualise: futur d’énonciation et futur de découverte. Talk presented at the Chronos conference, 2014, Pisa.Google Scholar
Baranzini, L., and de Saussure, L. (2014). Weak and strong epistemic meanings of the future tense(s) in French and Italian. Talk presented at the Chronos conference, 2014, Pisa.Google Scholar
Berretta, M. (1997). Sul futuro concessivo: riflessioni su un caso (dubbio) di degram-maticalizzazione. Linguistica e Filologia, 5: 740.Google Scholar
Bertinetto, P.M. (1979). Alcune ipotesi sul nostro futuro (con alcune osservazioni su potere e dovere), Rivista di Grammatica Generativa, 4: 77138.Google Scholar
Bonami, O. and Godard, G. (2008). Lexical semantics and pragmatics of evaluative adverbs. In: McNally, L. and Kennedy, C. (eds.), Adverbs and Adjectives: Syntax, Semantics and Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 274304.Google Scholar
Boogaart, R. and Trnavac, R. (2011). Imperfective aspect and epistemic modality. In: Patard, A. and Brisard, F. (eds.), Cognitive Approaches to Tense, Aspect and Epistemic Modality. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 217248.Google Scholar
Broekhuis, H. and Verkuyl, H. (2013). Binary tense and modality. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 32.3: 9731009.Google Scholar
Caudal, P. (2012). Relations entre temps, aspect, modalité et évidentialité dans le système du français. Langue Française, 1.173: 115129.Google Scholar
Celle, A. (2004). The French future tense and English will as markers of epistemic modality. Languages in Contrast, 5.2: 181218.Google Scholar
Chevalier, J-C. (1978). Grammaire Larousse du Français Contemporain. Paris: Larousse.Google Scholar
Condoravdi, C. (2002). Temporal interpretation for modals. Modals for the present and modals for the past. In: Beaver, D. I., Casillas, L. D. Martínez, Clark, B. Z. and Kaufmann, S. (eds.), The Construction of Meaning. Stanford: CSLI, pp. 5987.Google Scholar
Copley, B. (2002). The Semantics of the Future. PhD Thesis, MIT.Google Scholar
Dalrymple, M., Kanazawa, M., Kim, Y., Mchombo, S. and Peter, S. (1998). Reciprocal expressions and the concept of reciprocity. Linguistics and Philosophy, 21: 159210.Google Scholar
Damourette, J. and Pichon, E. (1911–1930). Des Mots à la Pensée: Essai de Grammaire de la Langue Française. Paris: Larousse.Google Scholar
Dendale, P. (2001). Le futur conjectural versus devoir épistémique: différences de valeur et restrictions d’emploi. Le Français Moderne, 69.1: 120.Google Scholar
Enç, M. (1996). Tense and modality. In: Lappin, S. (ed.), Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 345358.Google Scholar
Ernst, T. (2009). Speaker oriented adverbs. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 27: 497544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faller, M. (2002). Semantics and Pragmatics of Evidentials in Cuzco Quechua. PhD Thesis, Stanford University.Google Scholar
von Fintel, K. and Gillies, A. (2010). Must. . .stay. . .strong!. Natural Language Semantics, 18: 351383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giannakidou, A. and Mari, A. (2012). The future of Greek and Italian: an epistemic analysis. In: Chemla, E., Homer, V. and Winterstein, G. (eds.), Proceedings of conference ‘Sinn und Bedeutung 17’, Paris, September 2012. Online publication in the Semantics Archive, pp. 255–270.Google Scholar
Giannakidou, A. and Mari, A. (2013). A two dimensional analysis of the future: modal adverbs and speaker's bias. In: Aloni, M., Franke, M. and Roelofsen, F. (eds.), Proceedings of the 19th Amsterdam Colloquium, Amsterdam, December 2013. Amsterdam: ILLC Publications, pp. 115122.Google Scholar
Giannakidou, A., and Mari, A. (to appear-a). Biased modality and epistemic weakness with the future and ‘must’: non veridicality, partial knowledge. In: Blaszack, J., Giannakidou, A., Klimek-Jankowska, D. and Mygdalski, K. (eds.), Tense, Mood, and Modality: New Perspectives on Old Questions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Giannakidou, A. and Mari, A. (to appear-b). La dimension évaluative du futur: le rôle des adverbes. In: Baranzini, L., and de Saussure, L. (eds.), Le Futur dans les Langues Romanes. Berne: Peter Lang AG.Google Scholar
Gosselin, L. (1996). Sémantique de la Temporalité en français. Champs linguistiques. Bruxelles: De Boeck.Google Scholar
de Haan, F. (1999). Evidentiality and epistemic modality: setting boundaries. Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 18: 83101.Google Scholar
de Haan, F. (2001). The relation between modality and evidentiality. In: Müller, R. and Reis, M. (eds.), Modalität und Modalverben im Deutschen. Hamburg: Buske, pp. 201216.Google Scholar
Huitink, J. (2012). Modal concord. A case study in Dutch. Journal of Semantics, 29.3: 403437.Google Scholar
Karttunen, L. (1972). Possible and must . In: Kimball, J.P. (ed.), Syntax and Semantics Vol 1. New York: Academic Press, pp. 120.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, S. (2005). Conditional truth and future reference. Journal of Semantics, 22.3: 231280.Google Scholar
Kevers, L. (2011). Accès Sémantique aux Bases de Données Documentaires. PhD, Université de Louvain-la-Neuve.Google Scholar
Kissine, M. (2008). From predictions to promises. Pragmatics and Cognition, 16: 169189.Google Scholar
Klein, H-W. (1980). Es hat geklingelt; das weird der Briefträger sein. Der Fremdssprachliche Unterricht, 14: 140143.Google Scholar
Kratzer, A. (1981). The notional category of modality. In: Eikmeyer, H. J. and Rieser, H. (eds.), Words, Worlds, and Contexts. New Approaches in Word Semantics. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 3874.Google Scholar
Lasersohn, P. (2005). Context dependence, disagreement, and predicates of personal taste. Linguistics and Philosophy, 28.6: 643686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J. (2012). Temporal constraints on the meaning of evidentiality. Natural Language Semantics, 21: 141.Google Scholar
Maingueneau, D. (1981). Approche de l’Enonciation en Linguistique Française. Paris: Hachette Université.Google Scholar
Malchukov, A. (2009). Incompatible categories: resolving the <present perfective paradox>. In: Hogeweg, L., de Hoop, H. and Malchukov, A. (eds), Cross-linguistic Semantics of Tense, Aspect, and Modality. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 1333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mari, A. (2009). Disambiguating the Italian future. In: Calzolari, N. and Rumshiski, A. (eds.), Proceedings of the conference Generative Approaches to the Lexicon GL2009, Pisa, September 2009. Pisa: Edizioni del Centro Nazionale di Ricerca, pp. 209216.Google Scholar
Mari, A. (2014). Each other, asymmetry and reasonable futures. Journal of Semantics, 31.2: 209261.Google Scholar
Mari, A. (2015). Modalités et Temps. Des Modèles aux Données. Berne: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Matthewson, L., Davis, H. and Rullmann, H. (2007). Evidentials as epistemic modals Evidence from St’át'imcets. Linguistic Variation Yearbook, 7.1: 201254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayol, L., and Castroviejo, E. (2013). (Non)integrated evaluative adverbs in questions: A cross-Romance study. Language, 89.2: 195230.Google Scholar
Mithun, M. (1986). Evidential diachrony in Northern Iroquoian. In: Chafe, W. and Nichols, J., (eds.), Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex, pp. 89112.Google Scholar
Morency, P. (2010). Enrichissement épistémique du futur. Cahiers Chronos, 21: 197214.Google Scholar
Mortelmans, T. (2000). On the ‘evidential’ nature of the ‘epistemic’ use of the German modals müssen and sollen . In: van der Auwera, J. and Dendale, P. (eds.), Modal Verbs in Germanic and Romance Languages. Belgian Journal of Linguistics, 14: 131148.Google Scholar
Nuyts, J. (2001). Epistemic Modality, Language, and Conceptualization: A Cognitive-Pragmatic Perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narrog, H. (2012). Modality, Subjectivity, and Semantic Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, F.R. (1986). Mood and Modality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pietrandrea, P. (2005). Epistemic Modality: Functional Properties and the Italian System. Amsterdam: John Benjamin.Google Scholar
Prior, A. (1957). Time and Modality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Riegel, M., Pellat, J-C. and Rioul, R. (1994). Grammaire Méthodique du Français. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Rocci, A. (2000). L’interprétation épistémique du futur en italien et en français: une analyse procédurale. Cahiers de Linguistique Française, 22: 241274.Google Scholar
Rossari, C., Ricci, C. and Siminiciuc, E. (2014). Interfaces between lexical meaning, rhetorical values and commitment: The case of the future in French, Italian and Romanian. Talk presented at the Chronos conference, 2014, Pisa.Google Scholar
de Saussure, L. and Morency, P. (2011). A cognitive-pragmatic view of the French epistemic future. Journal of French Language Studies, 22: 207223.Google Scholar
Schrott, A. (1997). Futurität im Franzözischen der Gegenwart. Semantik und Pragmatik der Tempora der Zukunft. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.Google Scholar
Smirnova, A. (2013). Evidentiality in Bulgarian: temporality, epistemic modality, and information source. Journal of Semantics, 30.4: 479532.Google Scholar
Squartini, M. (2004). Disentagling modality and evidentiality in Romance. Lingua, 114.7: 873895.Google Scholar
Sten, H. (1954). Devoir + infinitif. Le Français Moderne, 22: 263265.Google Scholar
Sthioul, B. (2007). Informations conceptuelle et procédurale: la piste beauzéenne. In: de Saussure, L., Moeschler, J. and Puskas, G. (eds.), Information Temporelle, Procédures et Ordre Discursif. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, pp. 105121.Google Scholar
Squartini, M. (2012). Evidentiality in interaction: the concessive use of the Italian future between grammar and discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 44: 21162128.Google Scholar
Sueur, J-P. (1979). Analyse sémantique des verbes ‘devoir’ et ‘pouvoir’. Le Français Moderne, 2: 97119.Google Scholar
Sweetser, E. (1990). From Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tasmowski, L. and Dendale, P. (1998). Must/will and doit/futur simple as epistemic modal markers. Semantic value and restrictions of use. In: van der Auwera, J. E. (ed.), English as a Human Language. To honour Louis Goossens. Munich: Lincom Europa, pp. 325336.Google Scholar
Thomason, R. (1984). Combination of tense and modality. In: Gabbay, D. and Guenthner, F. (eds), Handbook of Philosophical Logic: Extensions of Classical Logic. Dordrecht: Reidel, pp. 135165.Google Scholar
Vet, C. (2007). The descriptive inadequacy of Reichenbach's tense system: A new proposal. In: de Saussure, L., Moeschler, J. and Puskas, G. (eds.), Tense, Mood and Aspect. Theoretical and Descriptive Issues. Cahiers Chronos, 17: 726.Google Scholar
Wagner, R.L. and Pinchon, J. (1991). Grammaire du Français Classique et Moderne. Paris: Hachette.Google Scholar
Willett, T. (1988). A cross-linguistic survey of the grammaticization of evidentiality. Studies in Language, 12: 5197.Google Scholar
Wilmet, M. (1976). Etudes de Morpho-syntaxe Verbale. Paris: Klincksieck.Google Scholar