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‘Our common humanity’: print, power, and the colonial press in interwar Tanganyika and French Cameroun

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2012

Emma Hunter
Emma Hunter*
Affiliation:
Gonville and Caius College, Trinity Street, Cambridge CB2 1TA, UK E-mail: elh35@cam.ac.uk
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Abstract

If the concept of global civil society offers a way of thinking about the interwar period that does justice to the new linkages that were developing at the time, it also offers an opportunity to reflect on ‘the varied, contingent meanings of the global – and the limits to such globalist visions’, as this special issue makes clear. This article explores these themes in an African context in relation to two government periodicals, Mambo Leo and the Gazette du Cameroun, both of which first appeared in the early 1920s, and a settler-edited newspaper aimed at an African audience, L’Éveil des Camerouniens, published 1934–35. It argues that such official and semi-official publications serve to illustrate both the unexpected ways in which this period witnessed the birth of new forms of global connection and the limits of such connection.

Keywords

Camerouncivil societyglobalizationprintTanganyika
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Global History , Volume 7 , Issue 2 , July 2012 , pp. 279 - 301
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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References

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30 The annual subscription included postage, and was later reduced to 2 shillings. Advertisements cost 50 shillings per issue for a full page, and 20 shillings for a quarter page. In contrast, the Dar es Salaam Times cost 6d per issue and 25 shillings for the year in 1923, though Mambo Leo appeared monthly, and the Times appeared weekly: Tanganyika Territory, Blue Book for the year ending 1923, p. 72; Tanganyika Territory, Blue Book for the year ending 1933, p. 131.

31 Tanzania National Archives (hereafter TNA), 12871/II, ‘Review of Mambo Leo's activities July 1932 to October 1933’, p. 4.

32 ‘Prix d'achat à Douala des produits’, Gazette, April 1924, p. 2.

33 See Bjornson, African quest, for the later careers of many of the contributors.

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41 See for example ‘Maelezo ya “League of Nations” yaani Ushirika au Mapatano ya Mataifa (A description of the “League of Nations”, or the organization or alliance of nations)’, Mambo Leo, September 1930, p. 147; ‘Ushirika au Mapatano ya Mataifa (The organization or alliance of nations)’, Mambo Leo, April 1931, p. 66.

42 ‘Chama cha Tanganyika cha kukomesha ukatili juu ya wanyama (Tanganyika Society of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals)’, Mambo Leo, July 1931, p. 116; Editorial, Mambo Leo, October 1931.

43 Poem by Kibwana, Salehe, ‘Ukatili juu ya wanyama (Cruelty to animals)’, Mambo Leo, May 1932, p. 104Google Scholar; ‘Huruma na ukatili juu ya wanyama (Compassion and cruelty to animals)’, Mambo Leo, February 1933, p. 38. South Asian and European communities tended to be more enthusiastic about such societies than Africans were, and it was from them that the initiative came (my thanks to the JGH editors for this point).

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47 Mtui, Nathaniel, ‘News from the towns: Moshi Machame’, Mambo Leo, January–February 1923, p. 17Google Scholar; letter from Mtumwa Msakara, Mambo Leo, March 1924, p. 19Google Scholar.

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66 Frederick Johnson, A standard Swahili–English dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939, p. 436Google Scholar; Randall L. Pouwels, Horn and crescent: cultural change and traditional Islam on the East African coast, 800–1900, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987, p. 72Google Scholar. Earlier in the nineteenth century, the concept of ‘civilization’ was rendered by the term mwungwana, which was associated with rank and with freedom as opposed to slavery: see Brennan, ‘Realizing civilization’; Jonathon Glassman, Feasts and riot: revelry, rebellion, and popular consciousness on the Swahili coast, 1856–1888, London: James Currey, 1995, p. 17Google Scholar.

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68 On tax, see Logmo, Antoine, ‘Pourquoi paie-t-on l'impôt?’, Gazette, July 1935, p. 4Google Scholar; Farjallah, Swedi, ‘Kodi (Tax)’, Mambo Leo, February 1925, p. 26Google Scholar.

69 ‘Impressions du chef supérieur Charles Atangana’, Gazette, July 1935, p. 1.

70 Ernest Manfred Nonos, ‘Ne fais tort à personne’, L’Éveil, 10 November 1934, p. 1.

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72 ‘Booker T. Washington’, Mambo Leo, May 1926, p. 377.

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74 Editorial, Mambo Leo, September 1930, p. 145.

75 ‘Kumpuni kubwa la mtu mweusi (A large African American company)’, Mambo Leo, August 1924.

76 ‘David Livingstone’, Mambo Leo, October 1925, pp. 223–5; ‘Richard Burton: Habari za Mwingereza mtangulizi aliyevumbua Tanganyika (Richard Burton: the story of the first Briton to discover Tanganyika)’, Mambo Leo, September 1926, p. 463.

77 Letter from Rafiki, ‘Bwana mganga [Dr] David Livingstone’, Mambo Leo, January 1927, p. 560Google Scholar.

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81 Editor's response to ‘Masikitiko ya watu wa Kahama (The sorrows of the people of Kahama)’, Mambo Leo, October 1924, p. 21.

82 See, for example, an advertisement for Mambo Leo that appeared in April 1924, p. 18; Pierre Ebelé, ‘Le travail: la différence entre les gens travailleurs et les paresseux’, Gazette, May 1929, p. 3.

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85 ‘Nouvelles d'Edéa’, Gazette, 15 March 1924, pp. 1–2.

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102 E.g. TNA 12871/II, fos. 242–3, J. M. Mwigulila, ‘Lawama na chuki juu ya watoza kodi ya kichwa (Reproaches and resentment towards the collectors of head tax)’.

103 Editorial, Mambo Leo, June 1924, p. 1.

104 ‘Siku kuu ya Empire Day (Empire Day public holiday)’, Mambo Leo, May 1925, p. 102.

105 ‘Siku kuu ya Empire Day’, Mambo Leo, June 1923, pp. 2–3.

106 Essomba, Antoine, ‘La fête de la victoire à Doumé’, Gazette, December 1925, p. 1Google Scholar. See also ANOM/BIB/POM/924C, L’Écho du Cameroun, 15 November 1937, p. 1.

107 Toco Moumé, ‘Une fête chez les Yaoundés’, Gazette, January 1926, pp. 1–2; Charles Atangana, ‘Discours prononcé par Charles Atangana’, Gazette, May 1926, p. 2.

108 Jemba, G., ‘Les bienfaits de l'administration française au Cameroun’, Gazette, December 1924, pp. 1–2Google Scholar.

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110 Editorial, Mambo Leo, March 1927, p. 583.

111 TNA 12871/III, fos. 578–9, ‘Response from editor, Mambo Leo’.

112 TNA 12871/II, ‘Review of Mambo Leo's activities’, p. 3.

113 TNA 12871/III, fos. 607–8, letter from the editor of Mambo Leo to E. E. Sabhen-Clare, 15 November 1938.

114 TNA 12871/II, fo. 285, W. F. Page to the editor of the Mambo Leo, 30 January 1935. The news item was eventually not printed.

115 ‘Majibu kwa waandikaji (Answers to correspondents)’, Mambo Leo, January 1929, p. 1018.

116 Response to Salim, Shawishi Asmani bin, ‘Sanduku ya posta’, Mambo Leo, December 1932, p. 271Google Scholar.

117 Letter from Ali bin Hemedi, Mambo Leo, January–February 1924, p. 23Google Scholar.

118 Letter from Joseph M. B. Tibeiya, Mambo Leo, September 1931, p. 172Google Scholar.

119 Daktari, Bibi, ‘Shauri jema kwa wazazi (Good advice to parents)’, Mambo Leo, September 1925, p. 195Google Scholar.

120 Isaac, Moumé Etia, ‘Réflexions’, Gazette, May 1931, p. 5Google Scholar.

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122 M. B. Mohamed Abdallah, Mambo Leo, June 1924, p. 17Google Scholar.

123 Joseph, ‘The German question’.

124 Harri Englund, Prisoners of freedom, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2006, p. 8Google Scholar.