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A comprehensive analysis of fasciolosis prevalence and risk factors in humans and animals: First report in Algeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 February 2025

C. Fennouh ,
M. Nabi ,
I. Ouchetati ,
O. Salhi ,
N. Ouchene Open the ORCID record for N. Ouchene [Opens in a new window] ,
H. Dahmani ,
A. Haif ,
D. Mokrani  and
N.A. Khelifi Touhami
C. Fennouh
Affiliation:
Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials and Interfaces Applied to the Environment, University Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria
M. Nabi
Affiliation:
Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria
I. Ouchetati
Affiliation:
Higher Normal School of Technological Education, Skikda University, 21000 Skikda
O. Salhi
Affiliation:
Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria
N. Ouchene*
Affiliation:
Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials and Interfaces Applied to the Environment, University Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria
H. Dahmani
Affiliation:
Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria
A. Haif
Affiliation:
Département des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université Telidji Amar, BP 37G, Route de Ghardaïa, 03000 Laghouat, Algérie
D. Mokrani
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, M’Hamed Bougara University, Boumerdes, Algeria
N.A. Khelifi Touhami
Affiliation:
Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials and Interfaces Applied to the Environment, University Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria
*
Corresponding author: N. Ouchene; Email: ouchene_nassim@univ-blida.dz
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Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined 27 studies published between 2003 and 2024 to assess the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infestation in various animal species in Algeria. Diagnostic methods included liver inspection (16 studies), ELISA (7 studies), coproscopy (4 studies), bile microscopy (1 study), and abattoir data analysis (1 study). For humans, coproscopy and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) were used in one study in Algiers. Among the 1,006,751 animals examined, 15,868 tested positive, resulting in an overall prevalence of 1.57% (CI 1.55–1.59). Prevalence was higher in the northeastern regions of Algeria (El Tarf, Annaba, and Jijel) at 15.95%, compared to other regions (0.9%–2.95%) (p<0.0001). Cattle showed the highest prevalence (3.91%; CI 3.84–3.98) (p<0.001), followed by sheep (0.42%; CI 0.40–0.44) and goats (0.12%; CI 0.10–0.14). Camels had a prevalence rate of 4%. Trend analysis over 20 years indicated a progressive decrease in prevalence, from 13.29% (2004–2009) to 1.79% (2010–2019) and 1.12% (2020–2024) (p<0.0001). The ELISA method was found to be the most sensitive, revealing a prevalence of 16.40% (CI 15.23–17.57) (true adjusted prevalence is 12.38%) (p<0.0001), significantly higher than liver inspection (1.83%), coproscopy (1.04%), and abattoir data analysis (1.10%). Prevalence increased with animal age across all species. This study clearly shows that fasciolosis in Algeria is most prevalent in the northeast region and that cattle are the high-risk group of animals. As a result, control strategies are urgently needed, targeting cattle in particular in northeast Algeria, to prevent and control this disease and thus reduce Fasciola infection.

Keywords

Fasciolosisprevalencerisk factorsmeta-analysisAlgeria
Type
Review Article
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 99 , 2025 , e26
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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