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Endoparasitic diversity from the Southern Ocean: is it really low in Antarctic fish?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2020

G. Muñoz Open the ORCID record for G. Muñoz [Opens in a new window]  and
F.D. Cartes Open the ORCID record for F.D. Cartes [Opens in a new window]
G. Muñoz*
Affiliation:
Centro Costa-R, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Borgoño 16344, Viña del Mar, Chile
F.D. Cartes
Affiliation:
Centro Costa-R, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Borgoño 16344, Viña del Mar, Chile
*
Author for correspondence: G. Muñoz, E-mail: gabriela.munoz@uv.cl
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Abstract

The biodiversity and composition of endoparasites in fish obtained from the Antarctic and subantarctic zones are compared in this study. Several fish were collected in the summer from Antarctica (King George Island) and the Southern Pacific coast (Strait of Magellan and Almirante Montt Gulf). This database was complemented with published information on fish endoparasite communities from both zones, with specimens of fish sample size n ≥ 15. Thus, 31 fish species were analysed in this study, which altogether had 79 parasite species. Diversity indices were calculated for the parasite community of each fish species. Then they were compared between the Antarctic and subantarctic zones. Parasite species composition and host specificity (as the number of fish species used by a parasite species) were also analysed and compared between zones. The diversity indices and the abundance of parasites were significantly higher in the Antarctic than the subantarctic fish. Few parasite species (7.6%) were shared between fish from both zones, showing significant differences in parasite composition. Antarctic parasites were less host-specific than subantarctic parasites, which allowed the coexistence of several parasite species in the fish. The high parasite abundance in Antarctic fish could trigger sympatric speciation in certain parasitic lineages or the exploitation of new resources, resulting in more parasite species than those in subantarctic environments. The high abundance of Antarctic parasites implies different methods and rates of transmission than those of subantarctic parasites. In addition, more alternative fish hosts were used by the Antarctic than subantarctic parasites. This altogether indicates that host–parasite interaction dynamics significantly differ between the Antarctic and subantarctic systems.

Keywords

Parasite communitydiversity indicestaxonomic distinctnessmarine fish
Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 94 , 2020 , e180
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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