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New morphological and molecular perspectives about Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) from wild boar, Sus scrofa Linn., in Ukraine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2021

Omar M. Amin Open the ORCID record for Omar M. Amin [Opens in a new window] ,
Richard A. Heckmann ,
Sara Dallarés ,
María Constenla  and
Tetiana Kuzmina
Omar M. Amin*
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2-419, Scottsdale, Arizona85259, USA
Richard A. Heckmann
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 1114 MLBM, Provo, Utah84602, USA
Sara Dallarés
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Biology, Vegetal Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193Barcelona, Spain
María Constenla
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Biology, Vegetal Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193Barcelona, Spain
Tetiana Kuzmina
Affiliation:
I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology. Vul. B. Khmelnytskogo, 15, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
*
Author for correspondence: E-mail: omaramin@aol.com
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Abstract

We make new morphological observations not previously reported for the old acanthocephalan Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781) Travassos, 1917, described for the first time about 240 years ago. Our specimens were collected from the wild boar, Sus scrofa Linn., in Ukraine in 2005. We provide comparative morphometrics with other populations from Ukraine, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Europe, Brazil and the United States of America. Our specimens from the Ukraine had the smallest trunk (110–120 mm long), longest and thickest hooks, with the third hook being the largest, largest eggs, and a proboscis wider than long. We document the morphology of the proboscis, apical organ, hooks, hook roots, sensory pores, micropores, and eggs with scanning electron microscopy for the first time. We also provide chemical analysis of hooks and eggs using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, discuss its micropores, and provide a new molecular profile based on 18S rDNA from a European population for the first time. Edge of hook tips feature high levels of calcium and phosphorous but the high level of sulphur is mostly found in the cortical layer of eggs. One new partial 18S rDNA sequence (482 nt length) was generated from an adult specimen of M. hirudinaceus. We present the first 18S rDNA published sequence for this cosmopolitan acanthocephalan obtained from Europe. The amplified region corresponded to the approximate middle region of the small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene, which is ~1800 nt in length. This molecular contribution is especially valuable in light of the extreme scarcity of genetic information about species of Macracanthorhynchus and of the family Oligacanthorhynchidae as a whole.

Keywords

Macaracanthorhynchus hirudinaceusSus scrofaUkrainedescriptionmolecular analysisEDXA
Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 95 , 2021 , e73
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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