Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T01:55:39.476Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The occurrence of the filarial nematode Dirofilaria repens in canine hosts from Maio Island, Cape Verde

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2016

R. Marcos ,
C. Pereira ,
J.P. Maia ,
M. Santos ,
C. Luzzago ,
S. Lauzi ,
C. Genchi ,
A. Faustino  and
P. Puente-Payo
R. Marcos*
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
C. Pereira
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
J.P. Maia
Affiliation:
CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, University of Porto, Vila do Conde, Portugal Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
M. Santos
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
C. Luzzago
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
S. Lauzi
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
C. Genchi
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
A. Faustino
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
P. Puente-Payo
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
*
*E-mail: rmarcos@icbas.up.pt
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The prevalence of canine Dirofilaria infection in Maio Island (Cape Verde) was analysed by serology, morphological and molecular identification of the parasite species. Blood and sera were collected from 150 dogs and 80 cats aged over 6 months from various localities of the island. DNA was extracted from blood and samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using microfilaria-specific primers. No Dirofilaria immitis was found in dogs while D. repens microfilariae were found in 5.3% of dogs and 6% were positive by PCR. The species identity was confirmed by sequencing of PCR products, which showed almost 100% homology with D. repens European sequences published in GenBank. No difference in Dirofilaria infection was observed between males and females or in dogs with different weights. However, older dogs and those from the western part of Maio Island were more frequently infected. No Dirofilaria was found in cats. This study represents the first evidence of D. repens in Cape Verde (West Africa) and highlights the need for implementing control measures and for a better surveillance of dirofilariosis in Africa.

Type
Short Communications
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 91 , Issue 1 , January 2017 , pp. 87 - 90
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W. & Lipman, D.J. (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 215, 403–410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alves, J., Gomes, B., Rodrigues, R., Silva, J., Arez, A.P., Pinto, J. & Sousa, C.A. (2010) Mosquito fauna on the Cape Verde Islands (West Africa): an update on species distribution and a new finding. Journal of Vector Ecology 35, 307–312.Google Scholar
Antunes, A.C.L. (2013) Estimation and characterization of the dog and cat population on Maio island, Cape Verde: an integration of household survey data and remote sensing imagery. MSc thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon.Google Scholar
Baneth, G., Volansky, Z., Anug, Y., Favia, G., Bain, O., Goldstein, R.E. & Harrus, S. (2002) Dirofilaria repens infection in a dog: diagnosis and treatment with melarsomine and doramectine. Veterinary Parasitology 105, 173–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardoso, L., Mendão, C. & Madeira de Carvalho, L. (2012) Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Leishmania infantum in apparently healthy and CVBD-suspect dogs in Portugal – a national serological study. Parasites & Vectors 5, 62.Google Scholar
Casiraghi, M., Anderson, T.J., Bandi, C., Bazzocchi, C. & Genchi, C. (2001) A phylogenetic analysis of filarial nematodes: comparison with the phylogeny of Wolbachia endosymbionts. Parasitology 122, 93–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casiraghi, M., Bain, O., Guerrero, R., Martin, C., Pocacqua, V., Gardner, S.L., Franceschi, A. & Bandi, C. (2004) Mapping the presence of Wolbachia pipientis on the phylogeny of filarial nematodes: evidence for symbiont loss during evolution. International Journal of Parasitology 34, 191–203.Google Scholar
Courtney, C.H. & Cornell, J.A. (1990) Evaluation of heartworm immunodiagnostic tests. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 197, 724–729.Google Scholar
Ferri, E., Barbuto, M., Bain, O., Galimberti, A., Uni, S., Guerrero, R., Ferte, H., Bandi, C., Martin, C. & Casiraghi, M. (2009) Integrated taxonomy: traditional approach and DNA barcoding for the identification of filaroid worms and related parasites (Nematoda). Frontiers in Zoology 6, 1.Google Scholar
Garcia, E.M.O. (2010) Gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos da ilha do Maio (Cabo Verde): o contributo das águas subterrâneas. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Sciences, University of Minho.Google Scholar
Genchi, C., Rinaldi, L., Cascone, C., Mortarino, M. & Cringoli, G. (2005) Is heartworm disease really spreading in Europe? Veterinary Parasitology 133, 137–148.Google Scholar
Genchi, M., Prego, G. & Genchi, C. (2010) Efficacy of moxidectin microsphere sustained release formulation for the prevention of subcutaneous filarial (Dirofilaria repens) infection in dogs. Veterinary Parasitology 170, 167–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Genchi, C., Genchi, M., Petry, G., Kruedewagen, E.M. & Schaper, R. (2013) Evaluation of the efficacy of imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% (Advocate®, Advantage® Multi, Bayer) for the prevention of Dirofilaria repens infection in dogs. Parasitology Research 112, 81–89.Google Scholar
Kirchner, M., Brunner, A., Edelhofer, R. & Joachim, A. (2008) Vector-borne parasites of dogs on the islands of Cabo Verde. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 120, 49–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liotta, J.L., Sandhu, G.K., Rishniw, M. & Bowman, D. (2013) Differentiation of the microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in stained blood films. Journal of Parasitology 99, 421–425.Google Scholar
Maia, J.P., Harris, D.J., Carranza, S. & Gómez-Díaz, E. (2014) A comparison of multiple methods for estimating parasitemia of hemogregarine hemoparasites (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) and its application for studying infection in natural populations. PloS One 9, e95010.Google Scholar
McCall, J.W., Genchi, C., Kramer, L.H., Guerrero, J. & Venco, L. (2008) Heartworm disease in animals and humans. Advances in Parasitology 66, 193–285.Google Scholar
Montoya-Alonso, J.A., Carretón, E., Corbera, J.A., Juste, M.C., Mellado, I., Morchón, R. & Simón, F. (2011) Current prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs, cats and humans from the Island of Gran Canaria, Spain. Veterinary Parasitology 176, 291–294.Google Scholar
Otranto, D., Brianti, E., Dantas-Torres, F., Weigl, S., Latrofa, M.S., Gaglio, G., Cauquil, L., Giannetto, S. & Bain, O. (2011) Morphological and molecular data on the dermal microfilariae of a species of Cercopithifilaria from a dog in Sicily. Veterinary Parasitology 182, 221–229.Google Scholar
Pantchev, N., Etzold, M., Daugschies, A. & Dyachenko, V. (2011) Diagnosis of imported canine filarial infections in Germany 2008–2010. Parasitology Research 109, S61–S76.Google Scholar
Pascucci, I., Fico, R., DÁngelo, A.R., Serini, S. & Cammà, C. (2007) First notification in Italy of cardiopulmonary filarioses (heartworm disease) in a wolf (Canis lupus). Veterinaria Italiana 43, 851–858.Google Scholar
Pereira, P., Almeida, C., Malta, M., Vilaça, R. & Payo-Puente, P. (2013) First report of Dirofilaria immitis in the Republic of Cape Verde. Veterinary Parasitology 192, 290–291.Google Scholar
Petry, G., Genchi, M., Schmidt, H., Schaper, R., Lawrenz, B. & Genchi, C. (2015) Evaluation of the adulticidal efficacy of imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% (w/v) spot-on (Advocate®, Advantage® Multi) against Dirofilaria repens in experimentally infected dogs. Parasitology Research 114, S131–S144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. & Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 545 pp. New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Google Scholar
Schwan, E.V. (2009) Filariosis of domestic carnivores in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces, South Africa, and Maputo Province, Mozambique. PhD Thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa.Google Scholar
Silbermayr, K., Eigner, B., Duscher, G.G., Joachim, A. & Fuehrer, H.P. (2014) The detection of different Dirofilaria species using direct PCR technique. Parasitology Research 113, 513–516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simón, F., Siles-Lucas, M., Morchón, R., González-Miguel, J., Mellado, I., Carretón, E. & Montoya-Alonso, J. (2012) Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 25, 507–544.Google Scholar
Siwila, J., Mwase, E.T., Nejsum, P. & Simonsen, P. (2015) Filarial infections in domestic dogs in Lusaka, Zambia. Veterinary Parasitology 210, 250–254.Google Scholar
Suzuki, J., Kobayashi, S., Okata, U., Matsuzaki, H., Mori, M., Chen, K.R. & Iwata, S. (2015) Molecular analysis of Dirofilaria repens removed from a subcutaneous nodule in a Japanese woman after a tour to Europe. Parasite 22, 21.Google Scholar
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30, 2725–2759.Google Scholar