Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T01:04:52.016Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Andean Pact and the Amazon Treaty: Reflections of Changing Latin American Relations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Elizabeth G. Ferris*
Affiliation:
Miami University, Oxford, Ohio

Extract

The pattern of Latin American regional cooperation has changed greatly during the past five years. New organizations, such as SELA (Latin American Economic System) and OLADE (Latin American Energy Organization), have been formed, while other groups, such as CACM (Central American Common Market), have become moribund. These changes in regional organizations are primarily the result of changes occurring in the developmental orientations and governmental capabilities of the member governments. In this study, two quite different organizations, the Andean Pact and the Amazon Pact, are examined to shed light on the dynamics of contemporary Latin American international relations and to explore new theoretical approaches in the study of regional cooperation schemes.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Avery, W.P. (1979) “The politics of cooperation and crisis in the Andean Common Market.” Presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association. (1973) “The extra-regional transfer of integrative behavior.” International Organization 27 (Autumn): 549556.Google Scholar
Axline, A.W. (1979) Carribbean Integration: The Politics of Regionalism. New York: Nichols.Google Scholar
Axline, A.W. (1971) “Common markets, free trade areas, and the comparative study of foreign policy.” J. of Common Market Studies 10 (December): 163176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Axline, A.W. and L.K., Mytelka (1976) “Dependence and regional integration: a comparison of the Andean Group and Caricom.” Presented at the 17th Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association.Google Scholar
Bailey, N.A. and R.M., Schneider (1974) “Brazil's foreign policy: a case study in upward mobility.” Inter-American Economic Affairs 27 (Spring): 326.Google Scholar
Barrera, M. and E.B., Haas (1969) “The operationalization of some variables related to regional integration: a research note.” International Organization 23 (Winter): 150161.Google Scholar
Bond, R.D. (1978a) “Venezuela, Brazil, and the Amazon Basin.” Orbis 2 (Fall): 645646.Google Scholar
Bond, R.D. (1978b) “Regionalism in Latin America: prospects for the Latin American Economic System (SELA).” International Organization 32 (Spring): 401423.Google Scholar
Business Latin America (1979) “Corporate survey points up Ancom's minimal impact on MNCs’ operations.” March 28.Google Scholar
Carrasco, J.P. (1978) “El Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica.” Nueva Sociedad 37 (julio/agosto): 1925.Google Scholar
Cline, W.R. (1976) “Brazil's emerging international economic role,” pp. 6368 in Roett, R. (ed.) Brazil in the Seventies. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.Google Scholar
Deutsch, K. , S.A., Burrell, R.A., Kann, M., Lee, M., Lichlerman, R.F., Lindgren, F.L., Lowenheim, and Van Wagenen, R. W. (1957) Political Community and the North Atlantic Area. New York: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Devree, J.K. (1972) Political Integration: The Formation of Theory and Its Problems. The Hague: Mouton & Company.Google Scholar
Diaz-Alejandro, C.F. (1968) “The Andean Group in the integration process of Latin America.” Presented at the Conference on the Economic Integration of Latin America. Stanford, California.Google Scholar
The Economist [London] (1980) “And now, the Brazil crisis.” May 17: 21.Google Scholar
O Estado de Sao Paulo (1979) June 17: 11.Google Scholar
Etzioni, A. (1965) Political Unification: A Comparative Study of Leaders and Forces. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Y.H. (1980) “Latin American regional integration: an interim assessment.” Presented at 1980 International Studies Association.Google Scholar
Ferris, E.G. (1978) “The Andean Pact: a selected bibliography.” Latin American Research Review 13 (Fall): 108124.Google Scholar
Fontaine, R.W. (1977) The Andean Pact: A Political Analysis. Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University, The Washington Papers 5, 45. Beverly Hills: Sage.Google Scholar
Fullmer, R.G. (1973) “The Andean Common Market: implications for U.S. busi-ness.” Overseas Business Reports 73 (October): 117.Google Scholar
Gall, N. (1976) “Atoms for Brazil, dangers for all.” Foreign Policy 26 (Summer): 155201.Google Scholar
Galvez, J.L. and A., Llosa (1974) Dinámica de la Integración Andina. Lima: Banco I Popular del Peru.Google Scholar
Geisel, E. (1978) “Speech at the signing of the Treaty of Amazonic Cooperation.” (mimeo.) Globo (1979) May 6: 5.Google Scholar
Gordon, L. (1972) “Brazil's future world role.” Orbis (Fall): 621-631.Google Scholar
Grunwald, T. [ed.] (1976) Latin America and the World Economy. Beverly Hills: Sage.Google Scholar
Haas, E.B. (1975) The Obsolescence of Regional Integration Theory. Research Series No. 25. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California.Google Scholar
Haas, E.B. (1971) “The study of regional integration: reflections of the joy and anguish of pretheorizing,” pp. 342 in Lindberg, L. and Scheingold, S. (eds.) Integration: Theory and Research. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Haas, E.B. and P., Schmitter (1966) “Economics and differential patterns of political integration: projections about unity in Latin America,” pp. 259300 in International Political Communities. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Hopkins, T.W. (1977) Latin America in World Affairs. Woodbury, New York: Barron's Educational Series.Google Scholar
Jaguaribe, H. (1975) “El Brazil y la América Latina.” Estudios Internationales (January- March).Google Scholar
Junta del Acuerdo de Cartagena (1979) Evaluación del Progreso de Integración, 1969- 1979. Lima: Junta.Google Scholar
Katzman, K.T. (n.d.) “Converting resources and economic power into political power.” (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Kearns, K.C. (1972) “The Andean common market: a new thrust at economic integration in Latin America.” J. of Interamerican Studies 14 (February): 225249.Google Scholar
Kuczynski, M. and D., Huelin (1973) The Andean Group: Trade, Industry, and Foreign Investment. London: Latin American Publications Fund.Google Scholar
Lafer, C. (1979) “Política exterior Brasileira: balanco e perspectivas.” [Separata da Revista] Dados 22: 4962.Google Scholar
Latin America Economic Report (1979a) “Ten years on, Andean Pact forces an uphill strategy.” June 8: 174.Google Scholar
Latin America Economic Report (1979b) “Brazil in Africa: radical politics boost business.” June 22: 186.Google Scholar
Latin America Economic Report (1979c) “Jari: poison or healthy medicine?” July 13: 211.Google Scholar
Latin America Economic Report (1978) “The Amazon pact: a forest of problems.” May 19: 147.Google Scholar
Latin America Economic Report (1977) “Brazil strengthens the African connection.” October 21: 178.Google Scholar
Latin America Regional Reports (1980a) January 14.Google Scholar
Latin America Regional Reports (1980b) October 3.Google Scholar
Latin America Weekly Report (1980a) March 21.Google Scholar
Latin America Weekly Report (1980b) May 9.Google Scholar
Lindberg, L. (1970) “Political integration as a multidimensional phenomenon requiring multi-variable measurement.” International Organization 24 (Autumn): 649732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mercado Jarrin, E. (1978) “Pacto Amazónico: dominación o integración?Nueva Sociedad 37 (julio/agosto): 2630.Google Scholar
Milenky, E.S. (1977) “Latin America's multilateral diplomacy: integration, disintegra-tion, and interdependence.” International Affairs (Royal Institute of InternationalAffairs) 53 (January): 7396.Google Scholar
Milenky, E.S. (1973) The Politics of Regional Organization in Latin America: The Latin American Free Trade Association. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Milenky, E.S. (1971) “From integration to developmental nationalism: the Andean Group 1965- 1971.” Inter-American Economic Affairs 25 (Winter): 7791.Google Scholar
Mitrany, D. (1966) A Working Peace System. Chicago: Quadrangle.Google Scholar
Morawetz, D. (1972) Economic Integration Among Less Developed Countries With Special Reference to the Andean Group. Cambridge, Harvard University: Development Advisory Service.Google Scholar
Mytelka, L.K. (1979) Regional Development and the Global Economy: The Multinational Corporation, Technology, and Andean Integration. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Nun Peichihovici, B. (1971) Integración Subregional Andina. Santiago: Editorial Andrés Bello: 6970.Google Scholar
Nye, J.S. (1971) Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict in Regional Organization. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Nye, J.S. (1968a) “Patterns and catalysts in regional integration,” pp. 333349 in Nye, J.S. (ed.) International Regionalism. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Nye, J.S. (1968b) “Comparative regional integration: concept and measurement.” International Organization 22 (Autumn): 855880.Google Scholar
Pentland, C. (1973) International Theory and European Integration. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Perry, W. (1976) Contemporary Brazilian Foreign Policy: The International Strategy of an Emerging Power. Foreign Policy Papers 2, 6. Beverly Hills: Sage.Google Scholar
Petras, J.F. and M.H., Morley (1978) “The rise and fall of regional economic nationalism in the Andean countries, 1969-1977.” Social and Economic Studies 27 (June): 153170.Google Scholar
Puchala, D.J. (1975) “Domestic politics and regional harmonization in the European communities.” World Politics 27 (July): 496520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricupero, R. (1977) “A cooperacáo regional na Amazonia.Itamaraty, November, (mimeo)Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, J.H. (1972) “Brazil's foreign policy: developmentalism and beyond.” Orbis 16 (Spring): 5884.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, J.H. (1968) “A critique of the Brazilian Foreign Service.” J. of Developing Areas (April): 377-392.Google Scholar
Schilling, P.C. (1978) El Expansionismo Brasileño. Mexico: El Cid Editor.Google Scholar
Schmitter, P. (1972) “Autonomy or dependence as regional integration outcomes: I Central America.” Research Series 17. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, . University of California.Google Scholar
Schmitter, P. (1970a) “Central American integration: spill-over, spill-around, or encapsulation.” J. of Common Market Studies 9 (September): 148.Google Scholar
Schmitter, P. (1970b) “A revised theory of regional integration.” International Organization 24 (Autumn): 233265.Google Scholar
Schneider, R.M. (1977) Foreign Policy of A Future World Power. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Selcher, W. (1978) Brazil's Multilateral Relations: Between First and Third Worlds. Boulder, Colorado: Westview.Google Scholar
Selcher, W. (1974) The Afro-Asian Dimension of Brazilian Foreign Policy, 1956-1972. Gainesville: Univ. of Florida Press.Google Scholar
Skidmore, E.T. (1976) “Brazil's changing role in the international system: implications for U.S. policy.” pp. 940 in Roett, R. (ed.) Brazil in the Seventies. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.Google Scholar
Sloan, J.J. (1971) “The strategy of developmental regionalism: benefits, distribution, obstacles, and capabilities.” J. of Common Market Studies 10 (December): 138162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storrs, K. (1973) Brazil's Independent Foreign Policy, 1964-1969. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Theberge, J.D. and R.W., Fontaine (1977) Latin America: Struggle for Progress. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.Google Scholar