It is not surprising that prior to the construction of the Panama Canal, Nicaragua was considered of strategic importance to the world's major sea powers. Together the Río San Juan and Lake Nicaragua provide a water passage from the Caribbean Sea to within 20 kilometers of the Pacific Ocean (see map). In addition to its obvious inter-oceanic canal potential, this water passage was primarily useful for hundreds of years as an alternate route for the pirate-threatened Central American colonial commerce.
A remarkable number of historical and geographical misconceptions have appeared in the literature concerning this river. The recent publication of the seventeen-volume Colección Somoza containing documents relating to the history of Nicaragua from 1503 to 1550 does much to clarify this period of exploration and navigation.