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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis and potential therapeutic strategies: review on cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B and transforming growth factor beta

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2015

N T Phan ,
P J Cabot ,
B D Wallwork ,
A U Cervin  and
B J Panizza
N T Phan*
Affiliation:
School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
P J Cabot
Affiliation:
School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
B D Wallwork
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
A U Cervin
Affiliation:
School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Australia
B J Panizza
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Dr Nga T Phan, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD 4120, Australia Fax: (07) 3394 2263 E-mail: nth_phan@yahoo.com.au
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Abstract

Background:

Chronic rhinosinusitis is characterised by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are likely to exist. Previous research has focused predominantly on T-helper type cytokines to highlight the inflammatory mechanisms. However, proteins such as nuclear factor kappa B and transforming growth factor beta are increasingly recognised to have important roles in sinonasal inflammation and tissue remodelling.

Objective:

This review article explores the roles of T-helper type cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B and transforming growth factor beta in the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis. An understanding of these mechanisms will allow for better identification and classification of chronic rhinosinusitis endotypes, and, ultimately, improved therapeutic strategies.

Keywords

SinusitisCytokinesNF-Kappa BTransforming Growth Factor Beta
Type
Review Articles
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 129 , Supplement S3 , July 2015 , pp. S2 - S7
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 2015 

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