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Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional endoscopes in anatomical orientation of the middle ear and in simulated surgical tasks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2022

O Denton ,
P Brahmabhatt ,
J Ahmed  and
A Sanu
O Denton*
Affiliation:
Postgraduate Centre, University Hospital Monklands, NHS Lanarkshire, Airdrie, Scotland. UK
P Brahmabhatt
Affiliation:
Department of ENT, Royal Gwent Hospital, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, Wales, UK
J Ahmed
Affiliation:
Department of ENT, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wrexham, Wales, UK
A Sanu
Affiliation:
Department of ENT, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Wales, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Dr Oliver Denton, Postgraduate Centre, University Hospital Monklands, AirdrieML6 0JS, Scotland, UK E-mail: dentonOG@doctors.org.uk
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Abstract

Background

Three-dimensional endoscopes provide a stereoscopic view of the operating field, facilitating depth perception compared to two-dimensional systems, but are not yet widely accepted. Existing research addresses performance and preference, but there are no studies that quantify anatomical orientation in endoscopic ear surgery.

Methods

Participants (n = 70) were randomised in starting with either the two-dimensional or three-dimensional endoscope system to perform one of two tasks: anatomical orientation using a labelled three-dimensional printed silicone model of the middle ear, or simulated endoscopic skills. Scores and time to task completion were recorded, as well as self-reported difficulty, confidence and preference.

Results

Novice surgeons scored significantly higher in a test of anatomical orientation using three-dimensional compared to two-dimensional endoscopy (p < 0.001), with no significant difference in the speed of simulated endoscopic skills task completion. For both tasks, there was lower self-reported difficulty and increased confidence when using the three-dimensional endoscope. Participants preferred three-dimensional over two-dimensional endoscopy for both tasks.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate the superiority of three-dimensional endoscopy in anatomical orientation, specific to endoscopic ear surgery, with statistically indistinguishable performance in a skills task using a simulated trainer.

Keywords

EndoscopesSimulation TrainingEar, MiddleThree-dimensionalTwo-dimensional
Type
Main Articles
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 136 , Issue 2 , February 2022 , pp. 141 - 145
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of J.L.O. (1984) LIMITED.

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Footnotes

Dr O Denton takes responsibility for the integrity of the content of the paper

Presented orally at the 3rd World Congress on Endoscopic Ear Surgery, 14 June 2019, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

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