Ectopic thyroid tissue within the submucosa of the trachea is a rare cause of upper airway obstruction. Primary neoplasms arising from such thyroid nests are rare. This report describes a case of tall cell variant of papillary carcinoma arising from ectopic thyroid tissue in the trachea.

Lesions in the skull base may present difficulties in diagnosis primarily because the access needs to be invasive and one has to rely on imaging that may still be misleading. The case presented here illustrates this example in that the patient had abnormalities on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) scans quite convincing of malignancy but which with time proved, essentially through clinical judgment, to be skull base osteomyelitis secondary to malignant external otitis (OME).

We report a case of one asymptomatic 28-year-old male with mucus circulation between the natural ostium and the accessory ostium of the maxillary sinus. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed a recirculating mucus ring between the two ostia of the maxillary sinus.

This article describes a rare case of Salmonella neck abscess complicated by internal jugular vein thrombosis in a 51-year-old patient with previously undiagnosed diabetes. The patient was discharged without any complications after a combination of medical and surgical treatment. Also discussed here are the clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and spontaneous resolution of the internal jugular vein thrombosis. Being immunocompromised is a critical predisposing factor for Salmonella neck abscess. Patient recovery is largely determined by proper incision, drainage of pus and adequate intravenous antibiotics according to bacterial sensitivity tests. Detection of an internal jugular vein thrombosis does not signify a poor prognosis. Spontaneous resolution of thrombosis is encountered after treating the infection.

We report a case of a 27-year-old Asian man presenting with the typical features of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis who was commenced on anti-tuberculous therapy on the strength of the clinical presentation. Histological examination of an excised cervical lymph node however, revealed the diagnosis of Kikuchi's syndrome; a histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis which is usually self-limiting.

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the skull base is extremely uncommon. Sometimes involvement of the nasal cavity may occur and the patients may present with nasal symptoms. The biological behaviour of this tumour has not been well studied, primarily because of the limited number of reported cases and the short duration of followup. We report a histologically confirmed case of chondromyxoid fibroma of the skull base that recurred repeatedly over a 10-year period after the initial operation. Histologically it showed identical morphology to the original tumour with no evidence of histological progression or dedifferentiation. Ultrastructurally, the spindle tumour cells in the fibromyxoid area showed dual chondroblastic and fibroblastic differentiation, suggesting that these spindle fibroblastic cells and the better differentiated chondroid cells were of the same cell type with different histological morphology.

A case is reviewed of a giant benign myoepithelioma of the soft palate presenting in an elderly female patient. Due to the large size of the lesion and its mass effect the patient developed dysphagia with subsequent significant weight loss. The clinico-pathological features of this rare tumour are described and the literature reviewed.

Fibromatosis represents a diverse group of fibroproliferative tumours. Their behaviour and pathological qualities are situated in an intermediate position between benign and malignant disease. The following represents the pathological and radiological presentation of a 29-year-old female with fibromatosis.

Two cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease with polypoid nasal infiltration mimicking nasal tuberculosis and malignant lymphoma are reported. This rare benign disease was first described by Rosai and Dorfman in 1969 and is characterized by histiocytic proliferation. It is seldom considered in the differential diagnosis of granulomatous diseases due to its rarity and histological similarity to other diseases. Extranodal manifestations of this disease are uncommon. Although no specific treatment can guarantee a sustained remission of this disease, surgery for loco-regional lesions can result in long-term symptomatic control and restoration of function. Both patients underwent endoscopic resection of the nasal polypoid lesions and have subsequently been free of recurrence. Loco-regional infiltration of the nasal cavity by Rosai-Dorfman disease is effectively managed by endoscopic resection.

An interesting case of parotid tumour simulating malignancy is reported. The rarity of this lesion and the associated clinical and diagnostic problems are emphasized together with the relevant literature.

A case of primary herpes of the head and neck is presented. The exact source of infection and the precise diagnosis proved difficult to establish, but evidence tended to support a diagnosis of varicella zoster infection as opposed to a herpes simplex infection, though a dual infection was not ruled out.

Herpes simplex has specific clinical features which usually make its distinction from varicella zoster clear cut. In this case we relied heavily on laboratory investigations to improve the accuracy of our diagnosis since the clinical characteristics were blurred.

Unlike varicella zoster there has been little written about herpes simplex infections specifically affecting the ear, face and neck.

Familial autosomal dominant cylindromatosis (FADC, turban tumour syndrome, Brooke-Spiegler-syndrome and many more, MacKusick catalogue numbers 123850, 313100) is a rare hereditary disease usually presenting in the second or third decade. With female preponderance dermal cylindromas predominantly arise in hairy areas of the body with approximately 90 per cent on the head and neck. Transformation to malignancy seems to be scarce. Although cylindromas of the skin resemble basal cell adenomas of the salivary gland, there is usually no salivary gland involvement. On the other hand, patients with basal cell adenomas of a salivary gland usually do not show dermal lesions. We report one of the rare cases of FADC combined with multiple basal cell adenomas of the parotid glands and present a review of the literature.

A patient with bilateral tonsillar enlargement secondary to syphilis is presented. Clinical appearance, histological findings and serological tests permitted a correct diagnosis to be obtained, ruling out the suspicion of cancer.