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Brazil and the Post-Versailles World: Elite Images and Foreign Policy Strategy, 1919–1929

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2009

Stanley E. Hilton
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Extract

The 1920s remain a relatively neglected period in Brazilian historiography despite a recent boom in the study of contemporary Brazilian history and despite the intrinsic importance of that era.1 The post-war years constituted a watershed in the evolution of Brazilian culture, for example, as poets, novelists, artists and other pensants rejected further imitation of foreign models.2 The effervescence in the cultural sphere found ample resonance in political life; indeed, during the 1920s republican institutions were perhaps more seriously questioned than at any time since the early 1890s. The establishment of the Communist Party (1922) and the phenomenon of tenentismo were the most obvious manifestations of the erosion of the national consensus.3 The absence of an extensive body of scholarly literature on these subjects notwithstanding, their general configuration is at least familiar. One neglected field of inquiry, however, is foreign policy, the subject of this article. The aim of this exploratory probe is not to survey Brazil's diplomatic relations during the period; rather, the central analytical focus here is on the linkage between elite images and foreign policy strategy, the underlying premise being that policy decisions depend upon how policy-makers view their external environment.4

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Articles
Information
Journal of Latin American Studies , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , November 1980 , pp. 341 - 364
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1980

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References

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75 Brazilian naval attaché (Washington) to President Washington Luis, 29 November 927, 26 January 1928, AHI 292/2/9. The United States provided an average of 26 percent of Brazil's imports and purchased an average of 43 percent of Brazil's exports during the 1920s.Google ScholarValla, Victor, Os Estados Unidos e a Influência Estrangeira na Economia Brasileira: Urn Período de Transição (São Paulo, 1972), p. 47.Google ScholarFor the background of U.S. commercial interest in post-war Brazil, see Burns, Unwritten Alliance, pp. 58–75, 266–7;Google ScholarHill, Lawrence F., Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Brazil (Durham, 1932), pp. 293–300.Google Scholar

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84 See, for example, the following editorials: ‘President Pessoa,’ New York World, 20 June, 1919; ‘The Visit of Dr. Pessoa,’ New York Times, 19 June 1959; ‘The Brazilian Centenary,’ Washington Post, 30 August 1922; ‘The Colossus of the South,’ New York Herald Tribune, 23 December 1926.Google Scholar

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87 Mangabeira to Fernandes, so February 1928, ibid.

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90 Brazilian amb. (Washington) to MRE, 5 September 1929, ART. Hoover, at least in retrospect, apparently did not see the significance in his visit that the Brazilian authorities saw. The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920–1933 (New York, 1952), pp. 210–15.Google Scholar

91 See the editorials ‘Brazil's Great Progress.’ Washington Post, 6 May 1929; ‘Brazil's Election,’ Washington Post, 1 March 1930; ‘America's Neighbors,’ Washington Post, April 1930; ‘Our Brazilian Visitor,’ New York Times, 11 June 1930; ‘America Honors Brazil,’ Washington Post, 15 June 1930.Google Scholar

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