Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T22:46:26.656Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chilling or Learning?

The Effect of Negative Feedback on Interjudicial Cooperation in Nonhierarchical Referral Regimes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2022

Arthur Dyevre ,
Nicolas Lampach  and
Monika Glavina
Arthur Dyevre*
Affiliation:
Centre for Empirical Jurisprudence, KU Leuven, Belgium
Nicolas Lampach
Affiliation:
Centre for Empirical Jurisprudence, KU Leuven, Belgium
Monika Glavina
Affiliation:
Erasmus Law School, Rotterdam University, the Netherlands
*
Contact the corresponding author, Arthur Dyevre, at arthur.dyevre@law.kuleuven.be.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We exploit the nonhierarchical nature of the European Union legal system to investigate the effect of negative feedback on intercourt cooperation. We argue that, in the context of a nonhierarchical referral system, formal dismissals expose shirking, which the principal, the referral court, has no formal power to curb. Yet we find that when referring courts have experienced a formal dismissal, they are not only more likely to resubmit but also more likely to see their references accepted. This effect increases with the number of formal dismissals previously experienced. Our findings suggest that referring courts expect significant benefits from cooperation that the referral court is able to leverage to ameliorate the quality of the referring judges’ work.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Law and Courts , Volume 10 , Issue 1 , Spring 2022 , pp. 87 - 112
Copyright
© 2022 Law and Courts Organized Section of the American Political Science Association. All rights reserved.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from European Research Council grant 638154 (EUTHORITY). We are grateful to Tomas Adamec, Angelina Atanasova, Gilian Bens, Frauke Petra Hein, David Ketch, Russell Neudorf, and Anna Maria Tonikidou for invaluable research assistance.

References

Alter, Karen J. 2012. “The Global Spread of European Style International Courts.” West European Politics 35 (1): 135–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alter, Karen J., and Laurence R. Helfer. 2010. “Nature or Nurture? Judicial Lawmaking in the European Court of Justice and the Andean Tribunal of Justice.” International Organization 64 (4): 563–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ash, Elliott, and W. Bentley MacLeod. 2015. “Intrinsic Motivation in Public Service: Theory and Evidence from State Supreme Courts.” Journal of Law and Economics 58 (4): 863–913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobek, M. 2008. “Learning to Talk: Preliminary Rulings, the Courts of the New Member States, and the Court of Justice.” Common Market Law Review 45 (6): 1611–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobek, M. 2014. “Talking Now? Preliminary Rulings In and From the New Member States.” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2532852.Google Scholar
Broberg, Morten, and Niels Fenger. 2014. Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cameron, Charles M., and Lewis A. Kornhauser. 2006. “Appeals Mechanisms, Litigant Selection, and the Structure of Judicial Hierarchies.” In Institutional Games and the US Supreme Court, ed. James R. Rogers, Roy B. Flemming, and Jon R. Bond, 173–204. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.Google Scholar
Cameron, Charles M., Jeffrey A. Segal, and Donald Songer. 2000. “Strategic Auditing in a Political Hierarchy: An Informational Model of the Supreme Court’s Certiorari Decisions.” American Political Science Review 94 (1): 101–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrubba, Clifford J., and Lacey Murrah. 2005. “Legal Integration and Use of the Preliminary Ruling Process in the European Union.” International Organization 59 (2): 399–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyevre, Arthur. 2013. “Filtered Constitutional Review and the Reconfiguration of Inter-judicial Relations.” American Journal of Comparative Law 61 (4): 729–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyevre, Arthur, Monika Glavina, and Angelina Atanasova. 2020. “Who Refers Most? Institutional Incentives and Judicial Participation in the Preliminary Ruling System.” Journal of European Public Policy 27 (6): 912–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyevre, Arthur, and Nicolas Lampach. 2021. “Issue Attention on International Courts: Evidence from the European Court of Justice.” Review of International Organizations 16:793–815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Lee, William M. Landes, and Richard A. Posner. 2013. The Behavior of Federal Judges: A Theoretical and Empirical Study of Rational Choice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Farhi, Emmanuel, Josh Lerner, and Jean Tirole. 2013. “Fear of Rejection? Tiered Certification and Transparency.” RAND Journal of Economics 44 (4): 610–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galetta, Diana-Urania. 2014. “European Court of Justice and Preliminary Reference Procedure Today: National Judges, Please Behave!” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2500746.Google Scholar
Garoupa, Nuno, and Tom Ginsburg. 2009. “Guarding the Guardians: Judicial Councils and Judicial Independence.” American Journal of Comparative Law 57 (1): 103–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasparrini, Antonio. 2011. “Distributed Lag Linear and Non-linear Models in R: The Package dlnm.” Journal of Statistical Software 43 (8): 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hornuf, Lars, and Stefan Voigt. 2015. “Analyzing Preliminary References as the Powerbase of the European Court of Justice.” European Journal of Law and Economics 39 (2): 287–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosmer, David W., Stanley Lemeshow, and Rodney X. Sturdivant. 2013. Applied Logistic Regression. 3rd ed. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics 398. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, Yi, Francesca Dominici, and Michelle L. Bell. 2005. “Bayesian Hierarchical Distributed Lag Models for Summer Ozone Exposure and Cardio-Respiratory Mortality.” Environmetrics 16 (5): 547–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaremba, Urszula. 2012. “Polish Civil Judges as European Union Law Judges: Knowledge, Experiences, and Attitudes.” PhD diss., Erasmus University Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Kastellec, Jonathan. 2017. “The Judicial Hierarchy.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Pauline T. 2011. “Beyond Principal-Agent Theories: Law and the Judicial Hierarchy.” Northwestern University Law Review 105:535–75.Google Scholar
Kornezov, Alexander. 2015. “When David Teaches EU Law to Goliath: A Generational Upheaval in the Making.” In Central European Judges under the European Influence: The Transformative Power of the EU Revisited, ed. Michal Bobek, 241–66. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Kornhauser, Lewis A. 1994. “Adjudication by a Resource-Constrained Team: Hierarchy and Precedent in a Judicial System.” Southern California Law Review 68:1605–30.Google Scholar
Kornhauser, Lewis A. 1999. “Appeal and Supreme Courts.” Encyclopedia of Law. Cheltenham: Elgar.Google Scholar
Lampach, Nicolas, and Arthur Dyevre. 2020. “Choosing for Europe: Judicial Incentives and Legal Integration in the European Union.” European Journal of Law and Economics 50 (1): 65–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lax, Jeffrey. 2003. “Certiorari and Compliance in the Judicial Hierarchy: Discretion, Reputation, and the Rule of Four.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 15 (1): 61–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nash, Jonathan Remy, and Rafael I. Pardo. 2013. “Rethinking the Principal-Agent Theory of Judging.” Iowa Law Review 99:331–62.Google Scholar
Roberts, Steven, and Michael A. Martin. 2007. “A Distributed Lag Approach to Fitting Non-linear Dose-Response Models in Particulate Matter Air Pollution Time Series Investigations.” Environmental Research 104 (2): 193–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rushworth, Alastair. 2018. “Bayesian Distributed Lag Models.” arXiv preprint. arXiv:1801.06670.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Joel. 2000. “The Distributed Lag between Air Pollution and Daily Deaths.” Epidemiology 11 (3): 320–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shavell, Steven. 1995. “The Appeals Process as a Means of Error Correction.” Journal of Legal Studies 24 (2): 379–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephenson, Matthew C. 2009. “Legal Realism for Economists.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 23 (2): 191–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone Sweet, Alec, and Thomas Brunell. 1998. “Constructing a Supranational Constitution: Dispute Resolution and Governance in the European Community.” American Political Science Review 92:63–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vink, Maarten, Monica Claes, and Christine Arnold. 2009. “Explaining the Use of Preliminary References by Domestic Courts in EU Member States: A Mixed-Method Comparative Analysis.” Unpublished manuscript. http://aei.pitt.edu/33155/.Google Scholar
Wind, Marlene, Dorte Sindbjerg Martinsen, and Gabriel Pons Rotger. 2009. “The Uneven Legal Push for Europe: Questioning Variation When National Courts Go to Europe.” European Union Politics 10 (1): 63–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Glavina et al. supplementary material
Download undefined(File)
File 294 KB