Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T02:46:06.746Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Beyond the Code Book: Legal Tools for Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Extract

Each of the five main goals set out in the IOM’s report, Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention (“IOM Report”), includes recommended strategies and actions that raise questions of law and legal authority. In many instances, the IOM’s recommendations can be accomplished most directly and efficiently through mandatory regulation or legislation — for example, imposing taxes to decrease consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), passing laws that require substantial physical education periods in schools, or promulgating regulations that ensure nutrition standards for foods and beverages sold or served in educational settings. Much has been written on using legislation to support obesity prevention efforts. The route of direct legislation, however, is not always readily available — as the so-far-unsuccessful effort to pass taxes on SSBs, for example, vividly illustrates.

Type
JLME Supplement
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

IOM (Institute of Medicine), Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Id., at Strategy 2–1.Google Scholar
Id., at 336.Google Scholar
See, e.g., School Nutrition Incentive Program, Pennsylvania Department of Education, available at <http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_nutrition_incentive_program/7489> (last visited November 18, 2013).+(last+visited+November+18,+2013).>Google Scholar
See, e.g., Mermin, S. E. and Graff, S. K., “A Legal Primer for the Obesity Prevention Movement,” American Journal of Public Health 99, no. 10 (2009): 17991805; Mello, M. M. Studdert, D. M. and Brennan, T. A., “Obesity: The New Frontier of Public Health Law,” New England Journal of Medicine 354, no. 24 (2006): 2601–2610; and Diller, P. A. and Graff, S., “Regulating Food Retail for Obesity Prevention: How Far Can Cities Go?” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, no. 1, Supp. (2011): 89–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baertlein, L., “Soda Tax Ballot Measures Fizzle in California,” Reuters, November 7, 2012, available at <http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/07/us-usa-campaign-california-sodatax-idUSBRE8A61W520121107> (last visited November 20, 2013).+(last+visited+November+20,+2013).>Google Scholar
See IOM, supra note 1.Google Scholar
Id., at 430.Google Scholar
Healthy Beverage Toolkit, Boston Public Health Commission (2011): at 4850.Google Scholar
See Zimmerman, S. and Kappagoda, M., The Risk of New Liability Laws to Schools and Students, ChangeLab Solutions, available at <http://changelabsolutions.org/childhood-obesity/immunity-hazards> (last visited November 18, 2013).+(last+visited+November+18,+2013).>Google Scholar
See Boston Public Health Commission, supra note 9, at 48 (model contract language par. 1.3, setting forth a procedure for addressing any demonstrated adverse financial impact to vendors from the healthy beverage requirements); see also, DelliFraine, J. et al. , “Cost Comparison of Baby Friendly and Non-Baby Friendly Hospitals in the United States,” Pediatrics 127, no. 4 (2011): e989e994 (finding that cost of implementing BFHI program was relatively cost-neutral).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
For example, the federal Randolph-Sheppard Act (and its state law counterparts) gives legally-blind vending machine and cafeteria operators on government property preferences and protections not enjoyed by other vendors. 20 U.S.C. § 107 et seq.Google Scholar
Homestyle Direct, LLC v. Or. Dep't of Hum. Servs., 354 Or. 253 (2013).Google Scholar
Erie Telecomms., Inc. v. City of Erie, 853 F.2d 1083, 1096 (3d Cir. 1988); D.H. Overmyer Co., Inc. v. Frick Co., 405 U.S. 174, 187 (1972); Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67, 95 (1972).Google Scholar
Master Settlement Agreement (November 1998), available at <http://ag.ca.gov/tobacco/pdf/1msa.pdf> (last visited November 18, 2013)+(last+visited+November+18,+2013)>Google Scholar
Doe v. Albany Unified School District, 190 Cal.App.4th 668, 672 (2010).Google Scholar
Cleveland, Ohio, Ordinance 474–11 (Apr. 25, 2011).Google Scholar
Strom, S., “Judge Rules Restaurant Law Stifles Ohio Cities,” New York Times, June 12, 2012, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/business/judge-rules-restaurant-law-unfair-to-ohio-cities.html?_r=0> (last visited November 18, 2013).Google Scholar
Am. Sub. H. B. 153, 129th Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Oh. 2011), codified at Ohio Rev. Code §3717.53 (2012).Google Scholar
Cleveland v. State of Ohio, 989 N.E.2d 1072 (Oh. Ct. App. 2013).Google Scholar
See Master Settlement Agreement, supra note 15.Google Scholar
See, e.g., Henley v. Philip Morris, 114 Cal.App.4th 1429 (2004).Google Scholar
See United States v. Philip Morris U.S.A., Inc., 449 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 2006).Google Scholar
National Policy & Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity (NPLAN), Public Health Law Center, State AG Enforcement of Food Marketing Laws: A Brief History (St. Paul, Minnesota: Public Health Law Center, 2010): at 2, available at <http://publichealthlawcenter.org/sites/default/files/resources/phlc-fs-agstatefoodenforce-2010.pdf> (last visited November 18, 2013).+(last+visited+November+18,+2013).>Google Scholar
Id., at 3.Google Scholar
Pelman v. McDonald's Corp., 237 F. Supp. 2d 512, 519 (S.D.N.Y. 2003); Mason, C. E., “Doctrinal Considerations For Fast-Food Obesity Suits,” Tort Trial & Insurance Practice Law Journal 40, no.1 (2004): 75-106, at 76.Google Scholar
See, e.g., New York State Restaurant Ass'n v. Bd. of Health, 556 F.3d 114 (2d Cir. 2009) (rejecting challenge on preemption and First Amendment grounds to NYC menu labeling law).Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Vital Signs: Hospital Practices to Support Breastfeeding, United States, 2007 and 2009,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 60, no. 30 (2011): 1020–1025, available at <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6030a4.htm?s_cid=mm6030a4_w> (last visited November 20, 2013).+(last+visited+November+20,+2013).>Google Scholar
World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2012: at 110–119, available at <http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2012/en/index.html> (last visited November 18, 2013).+(last+visited+November+18,+2013).>Google Scholar
Baby-Friendly USA, Guidelines and Evaluation Criteria for Facilities Seeking Baby-Friendly Designation (Sandwich, Mass.: Baby-Friendly USA, 2010): at 19–20, available at <http://www.babyfriendlyusa.org/get-started/the-guidelines-evaluation-criteria> (last visited November 18, 2013).+(last+visited+November+18,+2013).>Google Scholar
Sadacharan, R. et al. , “Trends in US Hospital Distribution of Industry-Sponsored Infant Formula Sample Packs,” Pediatrics 128, no. 4 (2011): 702705, at 703, available at <http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/128/4/702.short> (last visited November 18, 2013); Feldman-Winter, L. et al., “Removal of Industry-Sponsored Formula Sample Packs from the Hospital: Does It Make A Difference?” Journal of Human Lactation 28, no. 3 (2012): 380-388, at 380; Wright, A., et al., “Changing Hospital Practices to Increase the Duration of Breastfeeding,” Pediatrics 97, no. 5 (1996): 669-675, at 669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klepper, D., “No More Free Infant Formula at Rhode Island Hospitals,” USA Today, November 29, 2011, available at <http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/wellness/story/2011-11-29/No-more-free-infant-formula-at-RI-hospitals/51460584/1> (last visited November 18, 2013); Kotz, D., “All Massachusetts Maternity Hospitals Now Ban Infant Formula Gift Bags,” Boston Globe, July 12, 2012, available at: <http://www.boston.com/dailydose/2012/07/12/all-massa-chusetts-maternity-hospitals-now-ban-infant-formula-gift-bags/stcOXl9MRyWbSGLAzXdACO/story.html> (last visited November 18, 2013); New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City Health Department Launches ‘Latch On NYC’ Initiative to Support Breastfeeding Mothers, Press Release, May 9, 2011, available at http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/pr2012/pr013-12.shtml> (last visited November 18, 2013).+(last+visited+November+18,+2013);+Kotz,+D.,+“All+Massachusetts+Maternity+Hospitals+Now+Ban+Infant+Formula+Gift+Bags,”+Boston+Globe,+July+12,+2012,+available+at:++(last+visited+November+18,+2013);+New+York+City+Department+of+Health+and+Mental+Hygiene,+New+York+City+Health+Department+Launches+‘Latch+On+NYC’+Initiative+to+Support+Breastfeeding+Mothers,+Press+Release,+May+9,+2011,+available+at+http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/pr2012/pr013-12.shtml>+(last+visited+November+18,+2013).>Google Scholar
105 Mass. Code Regs. 130.616(D)(11) (2012); N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 2505-a (2012).Google Scholar
105 Mass. Code Regs. 130.616(D)(11) (2012); N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 2505-a (2012); 10 NY ADC 405.21 (d)(4)(v)(f)(3)(i); see New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, supra note 35.Google Scholar
Smith, S., “Romney to Undo Ban on Formula: Breast-Feeding Was Goal of Rule,” Boston Globe, February 18, 2006, available at <http://www.boston.com/yourlife/health/women/articles/2006/02/18/romney_to_undo_ban_on_formula/> (last visited November 18, 2013);. Rochman, B., “What Mitt Romney Has To Do With Breast-Feeding and Infant Formula,” Time, July 17, 2012, available at <http://healthland.time.com/2012/07/17/what-mitt-romney-has-to-do-with-breast-feeding-and-infant-formula/?iid=hl-main-lede> (last visited November 18, 2013).+(last+visited+November+18,+2013);.+Rochman,+B.,+“What+Mitt+Romney+Has+To+Do+With+Breast-Feeding+and+Infant+Formula,”+Time,+July+17,+2012,+available+at++(last+visited+November+18,+2013).>Google Scholar
National Research Council, Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity? (Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2006): at ES-7–ES-13, available at <http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11514> (last visited November 20, 2013).+(last+visited+November+20,+2013).>Google Scholar
Better Business Bureau, Council of Better Business Bureaus Announces Groundbreaking Agreement on Child-Directed Food Advertising, Press Release, July 14, 2011, available at <http://www.bbb.org/us/article/Council-of-Better-Business-Bureaus-Announces-Groundbreaking-Agreement-on-Ch-28325> (last visited November 21, 2013).+(last+visited+November+21,+2013).>Google Scholar
Kraak, V. I. et al. , “Industry Progress to Market a Healthful Diet to American Children and Adolescents,” American Journal of Preventative Medicine 41, no. 3 (2011): 322333, at 328, available at <http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S07493797%2811%2900389-8/abstract> (last visited November 18, 2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Interagency Working Group, Interagency Working Group on Food Marketed to Children: Preliminary Proposed Nutrition Principles to Guide Self-Regulatory Efforts, Request for Comments (2011), available at <http://www.ftc.gov/os/2011/04/110428foodmarketproposedguide.pdf> (last visited November 21, 2013).+(last+visited+November+21,+2013).>Google Scholar
See Better Business Bureau, supra note 40.Google Scholar
Bartz, D., “U.S. Food Lobby Fighting Hard to Defend Kid Ads,” Reuters, November 7, 2011, available at <http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/07/us-advertising-children-idUS-TRE7A66OA20111107> (last visited November 21, 2013); Wilson, D. and Roberts, J., “Special Report: How Washington Went Soft on Childhood Obesity,” Reuters, April 27, 2012, available at <http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/27/us-usa-foodlobby-idUSBRE83Q0ED20120427> (last visited November 18, 2013).+(last+visited+November+21,+2013);+Wilson,+D.+and+Roberts,+J.,+“Special+Report:+How+Washington+Went+Soft+on+Childhood+Obesity,”+Reuters,+April+27,+2012,+available+at++(last+visited+November+18,+2013).>Google Scholar
Strom, S., “Local Laws Fighting Fat Under Siege,” New York Times, June 30, 2011, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/01/business/01obese.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0> (last visited November 21, 2013).Google Scholar
See, e.g., Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly, 533 U.S. 525 (2001); Sorrell v. IMS Health, Inc., 131 S.Ct. 2653 (2011). See also Discount Tobacco City & Lottery, Inc. v. United States, 674 F.3d 509 (6th Cir. 2012).Google Scholar
Barnes, B., “Promoting Nutrition, Disney to Restrict Junk-Food Ads,” New York Times, June 5, 2012, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/05/business/media/in-nutrition-initiative-disney-to-restrict-advertising.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2> (last visited November 18, 2013).Google Scholar
Aoki, Ralston J. and Moore, E. S., “Self-Regulation as a Tool for Promoting Healthier Children's Diets: Can CARU and the CFBAI Do More?” in Williams, J. D. Pasch, K. E. and Collins, C., eds., Advances in Communication Research to Reduce Childhood Obesity (New York: Springer, 2012).Google Scholar