Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-bvgqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T14:51:40.190Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of tungsten content on microstructure and properties of tungsten-doped graphite-like carbon films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2016

Qingsong Yong ,
Guozheng Ma ,
Haidou Wang ,
Shuying Chen  and
Binshi Xu
Qingsong Yong
Affiliation:
National Key Lab for Remanufacturing, Academy of Armored Forces Engineering, Beijing 100072, China
Guozheng Ma
Affiliation:
National Key Lab for Remanufacturing, Academy of Armored Forces Engineering, Beijing 100072, China
Haidou Wang*
Affiliation:
National Key Lab for Remanufacturing, Academy of Armored Forces Engineering, Beijing 100072, China
Shuying Chen
Affiliation:
National Key Lab for Remanufacturing, Academy of Armored Forces Engineering, Beijing 100072, China
Binshi Xu
Affiliation:
National Key Lab for Remanufacturing, Academy of Armored Forces Engineering, Beijing 100072, China
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: wanghaidou@aliyun.com
Get access

Abstract

Four types of W-doped graphite-like carbon (W-GLC) films were deposited under different W target currents by magnetron sputtering method. The effects of W content on the microstructure and properties of the W-GLC films were analyzed via various characterization techniques. The results show that the microstructure of the W-GLC films tends to be loose, while the surface roughness distinctly increases with the increase in the W target current. Moderate W-doping can considerably improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the film, which will subsequently decrease as the W content becomes excessive. Moreover, the friction coefficient of the W-GLC films does not show a distinct change, but significantly increases when the W target current increases from 0.9 A to 1.2 A. In particular, when the W target current is 0.6 A, the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the W-GLC film are 0.02 and 3.8 × 10−17 m3/N·m, respectively, exhibiting excellent tribological properties.

Keywords

W-doped graphite-like carbon filmsW target currentmicrostructuretribological properties

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 31 , Issue 23 , 14 December 2016 , pp. 3766 - 3776
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Hong, C-F., Tu, J-P., Li, R-L., Liu, D-G., Sun, H-L., Mao, S-X., and Peng, R.: Structure of sp 2 dominant a-C film with superhardness. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 215303 (2009).Google Scholar
Zeng, X-T., Zhang, S., Ding, X-Z., and Teer, D.G.: Comparison of three types of carbon composite coatings with exceptional load-bearing capacity and high wear resistance. Thin Solid Films 420–421, 366–370 (2002).Google Scholar
Jarratt, M., Stallard, J., Renevier, N.M., and Teer, D.G.: An improved diamond-like carbon coating with exceptional wear properties. Diamond Relat. Mater. 12, 1003–1007 (2003).Google Scholar
Guan, X-Y., Lu, Z-B., and Wang, L-P.: Achieving high tribological performance of graphite-like carbon coatings on Ti6Al4V in aqueous environments by gradient interface design. Tribol. Lett. 44, 315–325 (2011).Google Scholar
Fox, V., Jones, A., Renevier, N.M., and Teer, D.G.: Hard lubricating coatings for cutting and forming tools and mechanical components. Surf. Coat. Technol. 125, 347–353 (2000).Google Scholar
Wang, Y-X., Wang, L-P., and Xue, Q-J.: Improvement in the tribological performances of Si3N4, SiC and WC by graphite-like carbon films under dry and water-lubricated sliding conditions. Surf. Coat. Technol. 205, 2770–2777 (2011).Google Scholar
Wang, Y-X., Wang, L-P., and Xue, Q-J.: Improving the tribological performances of graphite-like carbon films on Si3N4 and SiC by using Si interlayers. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 10246–10253 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olivares, R., Rodil, S.E., and Arzate, H.: Osteoinduction properties of graphite-like amorphous carbon films evaluated in vitro. Diamond Relat. Mater. 16, 1858–1867 (2007).Google Scholar
Chen, J-M., Wang, Y-J., Li, H-X., Ji, L., Wu, Y-X., Lv, Y-H., Liu, X-H., Fu, Y-Y., and Zhou, H-D.: Microstructure, morphology and properties of titanium containing graphite-like carbon films deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Tribol. Lett. 49, 47–59 (2013).Google Scholar
Yue, W., Wang, S., Fu, Z-Q., Gao, X-C., Yu, X., and Liu, J-J.: Influence of W content on microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of sulfurized W-doped diamond-like carbon coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 218, 47–56 (2013).Google Scholar
Qiang, L., Gao, K-X., Zhang, L-F., Wang, J., Zhang, B., and Zhang, J-Y.: Further improving the mechanical and tribological properties of low content Ti-doped DLC film by W incorporating. Appl. Surf. Sci. 353, 522–529 (2015).Google Scholar
Liu, Z-M., Yue, W., Wang, S., Fu, Z-Q., Wang, C-B., and Liu, J-J.: Preparation and characterization of sulfurized tungsten doped non-hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films. Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 35, 1–15 (2015).Google Scholar
Voevodin, A.A., O'Neill, J.P., and Zabinski, J.S.: Tribological performance and tribochemistry of nanocrystalline WC/amorphous diamond-like carbon composites. Thin Solid Films 342, 194–200 (1999).Google Scholar
Zhang, X., Xiao, X-L., Hong, R-J., Luo, C-P., and Lin, S-S.: Microstructure and properties of diamond-like carbon film doped W. Mater. Mech. Eng. 33, 79–84 (2009).Google Scholar
Mrabet, S.E., Abad, M.D., López-Cartes, C., Martínez-Martínez, D., and Sánchez-López, J.C.: Thermal evolution of WC/C nanostructured coatings by Raman and in situ XRD analysis. Plasma Processes Polym. 6, S444–S449 (2009).Google Scholar
Fu, R-K-Y., Mei, Y-F., Fu, M-Y., Liu, X-Y., and Chu, P-K.: Thermal stability of metal-doped diamond-like carbon fabricated by dual plasma deposition. Diamond Relat. Mater. 14, 1489–1493 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrari, A.C. and Robertson, J.: Resonant Raman spectroscopy of disordered, amorphous, and diamond like carbon. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 64, 075414 (2001).Google Scholar
Ferrari, A.C. and Robertson, J.: Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 61, 14095–14107 (2000).Google Scholar
Ferrari, A.C.: Determination of bonding in diamond-like carbon by Raman spectroscopy. Diamond Relat. Mater. 11, 1053–1061 (2002).Google Scholar
Ferrari, A.C., Kleinsorge, B., Morrison, N.A., Hart, A., Stolojan, V., and Robertson, J.: Stress reduction and bond stability during thermal annealing of tetrahedral amorphous carbon. J. Appl. Phys. 85, 7191–7197 (1999).Google Scholar
Robertson, J.: Diamond-like amorphous carbon. Mater. Sci. Eng., R 37, 129–281 (2002).Google Scholar
Siegal, M.P., Tallant, D.R., Martinez-Miranda, L.J., Barbour, J.C., Simpson, R.L., and Overmyer, D.L.: Nanostructural characterization of amorphous diamond-like carbon films. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 61, 10451–10462 (2000).Google Scholar
Díaz-Reyes, J., Delgado-Macuil, R.J., Dorantes-García, V., Perez-Benítez, A., Balderas-López, J.A., and Ariza-Ortega, J.A.: Physical properties characterization of WO3 films grown by hot-filament metal oxide deposition. Mater. Sci. Eng., B 174, 182–186 (2010).Google Scholar
Liang, C-H., Wang, W-L., Huang, C-F., Tsai, H-Y., and Yang, C-C.: The influence of microstructural variations on mechanical and tribological properties of low-friction TiC/diamond-like carbon nanocomposite films. Ceram. Int. 40, 13329–13337 (2014).Google Scholar
Asl, A.M., Kameli, P., Ranjbar, M., Salamati, H., and Jannesari, M.: Correlations between microstructure and hydrophobicity properties of pulsed laser deposited diamond-like carbon films. Superlattices Microstruct. 81, 64–79 (2015).Google Scholar
Dai, W., Liu, J-M., Geng, D-S., Guo, P., Zheng, J., and Wang, Q-M.: Microstructure and property of diamond-like carbon films with Al and Cr co-doping deposited using a hybrid beams system. Appl. Surf. Sci. 388, 503–509 (2015).Google Scholar
Yang, W., Guo, Y-C., Xu, D-P., Li, J-H., Wang, P., Ke, P-L., and Wang, A-Y.: Microstructure and properties of (Cr:N)-DLC films deposited by a hybrid beam technique. Surf. Coat. Technol. 261, 398–403 (2015).Google Scholar
Dai, W., Wang, A-Y., and Wang, Q-M.: Microstructure and mechanical property of diamond-like carbon films with ductile copper incorporation. Surf. Coat. Technol. 272, 33–38 (2015).Google Scholar
Pei, Y-T., Chen, C-Q., Shaha, K.P., Hosson, J.Th.M.D., Bradley, J.W., Voronin, S.A., and Čada, M.: Microstructural control of TiC/a-C nanocomposite coatings with pulsed magnetron sputtering. Acta Mater. 56, 696–709 (2008).Google Scholar
Shaha, K.P., Pei, Y-T., Martinez-Martinez, D., Sanchez-Lopez, J.C., and Hosson, J.Th.M.D.: Effect of process parameters on mechanical and tribological performance of pulsed-DC sputtered TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite films. Surf. Coat. Technol. 205, 2633–2642 (2010).Google Scholar
Peng, X-L., Barber, Z.H., and Clyne, T.W.: Surface rough of diamond-like carbon films prepared using various techniques. Surf. Coat. Technol. 138, 23–32 (2001).Google Scholar
Lifshitz, Y., Edrei, R., Hoffman, A., Grossman, E., Lempert, G.D., Berthold, J., Schultrich, B., and Jäger, H.U.: Surface roughness evolution and growth mechanism of carbon films from hyperthermal species. Diamond Relat. Mater. 16, 1771–1776 (2007).Google Scholar
Wang, A-Y., Lee, K.R., Ahn, J.P., and Han, J-H.: Structure and mechanical properties of W incorporated diamond-like carbon films prepared by a hybrid ion beam deposition technique. Carbon 44, 1826–1832 (2006).Google Scholar
Wang, Y-X., Wang, L-P., Li, J-L., Chen, J-M., and Xue, Q-J.: Tribological properties of graphite-like carbon coatings coupling with different metals in ambient air and water. Tribol. Int. 60, 147–155 (2013).Google Scholar
Bui, X-L., Pei, Y-T., and Hosson, J.Th.M.D.: Magnetron reactively sputtered Ti-DLC coatings on HNBR rubber: The influence of substrate bias. Surf. Coat. Technol. 202, 4939–4944 (2008).Google Scholar