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Length-dependent melting behavior of Sn nanowires

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2017

Qiyue Yin ,
Fan Gao ,
Jirui Wang ,
Zhiyong Gu ,
Eric A. Stach  and
Guangwen Zhou
Qiyue Yin
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering & Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, NY 13902
Fan Gao
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854
Jirui Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854
Zhiyong Gu
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854
Eric A. Stach
Affiliation:
Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
Guangwen Zhou*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering & Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, NY 13902
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: gzhou@binghamton.edu
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Abstract

Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we report the observation of the melting behavior of one-dimensional nanostructures of Sn with different length/width aspect ratios. The melting of small aspect-ratio nanowires (nanorods) results in the expansion of liquid Sn along both axial and radial directions with the tendency to form an isometric or spherical particle, thereby minimizing the total surface area. For nanowires with the length/width aspect ratio of ∼10.5, perturbation along the liquid stream causes an unstable necking phenomenon and the whole wire tends to shrink into a spherical particle. In contrast, Rayleigh instability sets in for the melting of the nanowires with the length/width aspect ratio as large as ∼21, which gives rise to necking and fragmentation of the wire into particles. The amorphous native surface oxide (SnO x ) layer serves as a confinement tube and plays an important role in the melting induced morphological evolution of Sn nanowires. A thin SnO x layer is flexible with the ability to shrink or expand upon the flow of molten Sn. The increased rigidity for a thick SnO x surface layer kinetically suppresses bulging and necking formation in molten Sn nanowires.

Keywords

tin (Sn)nanowiresmelting behaviorRayleigh instabilitysolderinginterconnection
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 32 , Issue 6 , 28 March 2017 , pp. 1194 - 1202
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Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

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Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Edson Roberto Leite

b)

This author was an editor of this journal during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs.org/editor-manuscripts/.

A previous error in this article has been corrected, see 10.1557/jmr.2017.245.

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