Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T00:12:22.966Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mapping dislocation densities resulting from severe plastic deformation using large strain machining

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2018

Sepideh Abolghasem ,
Saurabh Basu ,
Shashank Shekhar  and
M. Ravi Shankar
Sepideh Abolghasem*
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
Saurabh Basu
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
Shashank Shekhar
Affiliation:
Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
M. Ravi Shankar
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: ag.sepideh10@uniandes.edu.co
Get access

Abstract

The multiplication of dislocations determines the trajectories of microstructure evolution during plastic deformation. It has been recognized that the dislocation storage and the deformation-driven subgrain formation are correlated—the principle of similitude, where the dislocation density (ρi) scales self-similarly with the subgrain size (δ): $\delta \sqrt {{\rho _{\rm{i}}}}$ ∼ constant. Here, the robustness of this concept in Cu is probed utilizing large strain machining across a swathe of severe shear deformation conditions—strains in the range 1–10 and strain-rates 10–103/s. Deformation strain, strain-rate, and temperature characterizations are juxtaposed with electron microscopy, and dislocation densities are measured by quantification of broadening of X-ray diffraction peaks of crystallographic planes. We parameterize the variation of dislocation density as a function of strain and a rate parameter R, a function of strain-rate, temperature, and material constants. We confirm the preservation of similitude between dislocation density and the subgrain structure across orders-of-magnitude of thermomechanical conditions.

Keywords

dislocationsmicrostructureX-ray diffraction
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 22 , 28 November 2018 , pp. 3762 - 3773
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Hull, D. and Bacon, D.J.: Introduction to Dislocations, 5th ed. (Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam, 2011).Google Scholar
Chang, J., Kim, G., and Moon, I.: X-ray diffraction analysis of pure aluminum in the cyclic equal channel angular pressing. Scripta Mater. 44, 331 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nie, F.L., Zheng, Y.F., Cheng, Y., Wei, S.C., and Valiev, R.Z.: In vitro corrosion and cytotoxicity on microcrystalline, nanocrystalline and amorphous NiTi alloy fabricated by high pressure torsion. Mater. Lett. 64, 983 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapovok, R., McKenzie, P.W.J., Thomson, P.F., and Semiatin, S.L.: Processing and properties of ultrafine-grain aluminum alloy 5005 sheet. J. Mater. Sci. 42, 1649 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valiev, R.Z.: Applications of severe plastic deformations for materials nanostructuring aimed at advanced properties. In Nanostructured Materials by High-Pressure Severe Plastic Deformation (Springer, Dordrecht, Germany, 2006); p. 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McQueen, H.J. and Bergerson, S.: Dynamic recrystallization of copper during hot torsion. Met. Sci. J. 6, 25 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, G.T. III: Mechanical Testing and Evaluation, 10th ed. (ASM Handbook, Ohio, 2000).Google Scholar
Lindholm, U.S., Nagy, A., Johnson, G.R., and Hoegfeldt, J.M.: Large strain, high strain rate testing of copper. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 102, 376 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, T.: Tensile testing at high rates of strain. Exp. Mech. 21, 177 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shekhar, S., Abolghasem, S., Basu, S., Cai, J., and Shankar, M.R.: Effect of severe plastic deformation in machining elucidated via rate-strain-microstructure mappings. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 134, 31008 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abolghasem, S., Basu, S., Shekhar, S., Cai, J., and Shankar, M.R.: Mapping subgrain sizes resulting from severe simple shear deformation. Acta Mater. 60, 376 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basu, S. and Ravi Shankar, M.: Crystallographic textures resulting from severe shear deformation in machining. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 46, 801 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abolghasem, S., Basu, S., and Shankar, M.R.: Quantifying the progression of dynamic recrystallization in severe shear deformation at high strain rates. J. Mater. Res. 28, 2056 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ding, H. and Shin, Y.C.: Dislocation density-based grain refinement modeling of orthogonal cutting of commercially pure titanium. In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Vol. 136 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Corvallis, Oregon, 2011); p. 1.Google Scholar
Ding, L., Zhang, X., and Richard Liu, C.: Dislocation density and grain size evolution in the machining of Al6061-T6 alloys. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 136, 41020 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyers, M.A., Subhash, G., Kad, B.K., and Prasad, L.: Evolution of microstructure and shear-band formation in α-hcp titanium. Mech. Mater. 17, 175 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moradi, M., Basu, S., and Shankar, M.R.: Creation of ultrafine-grained surfaces by large strain extrusion machining (LSEM). Mach. Sci. Technol. 21, 617 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shekhar, S., Cai, J., Basu, S., Abolghasem, S., and Shankar, M.R.: Effect of strain rate in severe plastic deformation on microstructure refinement and stored energies. J. Mater. Res. 26, 395 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shekhar, S., Abolghashem, S., Basu, S., Cai, J., Shankar, M.R., Shekhar, S., Abolghashem, S., Basu, S., Cai, J., and Shankar, M.R.: Interactive effects of strain, strain-rate and temperature on microstructure evolution in high rate severe plastic deformation. Mater. Sci. Forum 702–703, 139 (2012).Google Scholar
Basu, S., Abolghasem, S., and Shankar, M.R.: Mechanics of intermittent plasticity punctuated by fracture during shear deformation of Mg alloys at near-ambient temperatures. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 44, 4558 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, M.: Metal Cutting Principles (Palgrave Macmillan, London, U.K., 2005).Google Scholar
Hasting, W. and Oxley, P.: Mechanics of Chip Formation for Conditions Appropriate to Grinding (Palgrave Macmillan, London, U.K., 1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, J., Britton, T.B., and Wilkinson, A.J.: Evolution of dislocation density distributions in copper during tensile deformation. Acta Mater. 61, 7227 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ding, R. and Guo, Z.X.: Coupled quantitative simulation of microstructural evolution and plastic flow during dynamic recrystallization. Acta Mater. 49, 3163 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abolghasem, S., Basu, S., Shekhar, S., Cai, J., and Shankar, M.R.: Mapping microstructures from severe plastic deformation in machining. Trans. North Am. Manuf. Res. Inst. SME 40, 134 (2012).Google Scholar
Huang, Y. and Morehead, M.: Study of machining-induced microstructure variations of nanostructured/ultrafine-grained copper using XRD. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 133, 21007 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kvackaj, T., Kovacova, A., Kocisko, R., Bidulska, J., Lityńska–Dobrzyńska, L., Jenei, P., and Gubicza, J.: Microstructure evolution and mechanical performance of copper processed by equal channel angular rolling. Mater. Charact. 134, 246 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kilmametov, A.R., Vaughan, G., Yavari, A.R., LeMoulec, A., Botta, W.J., and Valiev, R.Z.: Microstructure evolution in copper under severe plastic deformation detected by in situ X-ray diffraction using monochromatic synchrotron light. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 503, 10 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, H., Zhu, Y.T., Butt, D.P., Alexandrov, I.V., and Lowe, T.C.: Microstructural evolution, microhardness and thermal stability of HPT-processed Cu. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 290, 128 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borbely, A. and Driver, J.H.: Disloaction density measurement by X-ray profile analysis in texture components of deformed metals. Arch. Metall. Mater. 50, 65 (2005).Google Scholar
Wilson, A.J.C.: On variance as a measure of line broadening in diffractometry: Effect of a distribution of sizes on the apparent crystallite size. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1, 194 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borbély, A. and Groma, I.: Variance method for the evaluation of particle size and dislocation density from X-ray Bragg peaks. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1772 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, D.J., Yoon, E.Y., Ahn, D-H., Park, B.H., Park, H.W., Park, L.J., Estrin, Y., and Kim, H.S.: Dislocation density-based finite element analysis of large strain deformation behavior of copper under high-pressure torsion. Acta Mater. 76, 281 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gubicza, J., Balogh, L., Hellmig, R.J., Estrin, Y., and Ungár, T.: Dislocation structure and crystallite size in severely deformed copper by X-ray peak profile analysis. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 400–401(Suppl. 2), 334 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mishra, A., Kad, B.K., Gregori, F., and Meyers, M.A.: Microstructural evolution in copper subjected to severe plastic deformation: Experiments and analysis. Acta Mater. 55, 13 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalla Torre, F., Lapovok, R., Sandlin, J., Thomson, P.F., Davies, C.H.J., and Pereloma, E.V.: Microstructures and properties of copper processed by equal channel angular extrusion for 1-16 passes. Acta Mater. 52, 4819 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nes, E.: Modelling of work hardening and stress saturation in FCC metals. Prog. Mater. Sci. 41, 129 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nes, E., Marthinsen, K., and Brechet, Y.: On the mechanisms of dynamic recovery. Scr. Mater. 47, 607 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar