Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T07:55:59.118Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Austenite grain growth behavior of a GCr15 bearing steel cast billet in the homogenization heat treatment process

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2016

Zhiqiang Li ,
Zhi Wen ,
Fuyong Su ,
Ruijie Zhang  and
Zhi Li
Zhiqiang Li
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
Zhi Wen
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
Fuyong Su*
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
Ruijie Zhang
Affiliation:
Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
Zhi Li
Affiliation:
CISDI Thermal & Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., CISDI Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing400013, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: sfyong@ustb.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Isothermal homogenization heat treatments for a GCr15 bearing steel cast billet were performed at temperatures of 1000–1250 °C and holding times of 30–180 min. The grain size of austenite was measured with a metallographic microscope through the linear intercept method. Experimental results show that the grain size of austenite increases with the increase in heating temperature and holding time. The relationship between grain size and homogenization cycles was established. The homogeneity of the cast billet has an obvious effect on the austenite grain size distributions. Small and large grains were observed in the high- and low-concentration regions, respectively. The log-normal function can describe the grain size distributions more accurately than other functions after heating at low temperatures for short times. However, the Weibull function fits the grain size data well when the heating temperatures and holding times are improved.

Keywords

GCr15 bearing steelheat treatmentaustenite grain growthaustenite grain size distribution
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 31 , Issue 14 , 28 July 2016 , pp. 2105 - 2113
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Jürgen Eckert

References

REFERENCES

Shipley, R.J.: Failure analysis and prevention. In ASM Handbook, Vol. 11, 9th ed.; ASTM International, West Conshohocken, USA, 1990; p. 508.Google Scholar
Blinov, V.M., Doronin, I.V., Antoschenkov, A.E., and Lukina, Yu.A.: Deformability of ShKh15 steel during cold plastic deformation. Russ. Metall. 2, 140 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antipov, V.I., Vinogradov, L.V., Lazarev, E.M., Mukhina, Yu.E., and Antoshchenkov, A.E.: Increasing the hardness of ShKh15 steel in its products. Russ. Metall. 4, 334 (2009).Google Scholar
Kiessling, R. and Beckström, S.: Electron probe x-ray microanalysis. Jernkontorets Ann. 145, 255 (1961).Google Scholar
Malinovskaya, T.I., Kurasov, A.H., Glaskova, G.V., and Spektor, Ya.I.: Effect of homogenization of dendritic segregation of chromium and manganese in steel ShKh15. Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 17, 609 (1975).Google Scholar
Bode, O.: Contribution to the understanding and susceptibility to macrosegregation in the rolling bearing steel 100Cr6 through the use of electromagnetic stirring. Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University of Clausthal, Germany, 1996.Google Scholar
Bode, O., Schwerdtfeger, K., Geck, H.G., and Höfer, F.: Influence of casting parameters on void volume and centre segregation in continuously cast 100Cr6 blooms. Ironmaking Steelmaking 35, 137 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gubenko, S.I. and Galkin, A.M.: Nature of red-shortness of steel. Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 26, 732 (1984).Google Scholar
Gerashchenko, P.M., Zhadan, V.T., Shturgunov, I.L., Zaikin, V.V., and Kapsheeva, V.M.: Influence of heating schedules before rolling on properties and structure of ShKh15 steel. Steel USSR 17, 224 (1987).Google Scholar
Capatina, N., Teodorescu, M., Taru, E., and Udvuleanu, A.: Research on the machinability of bearing steels. Bull. Univ. Galatina Part 5, 39 (1979).Google Scholar
Yang, W., Hu, A., and Sun, Z.: Effect of austenite grain size on strain enhanced transformation in a low carbon steel. Acta Metall. Sin. 36(10), 1055 (2000).Google Scholar
Beladi, H., Kelly, G.L., Shokouhi, A., and Hodgson, P.D.: Effect of thermomechanical parameters on the critical strain for ultrafine ferrite formation through hot torsion testing. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 367, 152 (2004).Google Scholar
Beladi, H., Kelly, G.L., Shokouhi, A., and Hodgson, P.D.: The evolution of ultrafine ferrite formation through dynamic strain-induced transformation. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 371, 343 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, D. and Sun, X.: Deformation induced ferrite transformation in low carbon steels. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 9, 269 (2005).Google Scholar
Yin, Y., Yang, W., Li, L., and Wang, X.: Microstructure control of hot rolled TRIP steel based on dynamic transformation of undercooled austenite. Acta Metall. Sin. 46(2), 155 (2010).Google Scholar
Yue, C., Zhang, L., Liao, S., and Gao, H.: Kinetic analysis of the austenite grain growth in GCr15 steel. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 19(1), 112 (2010).Google Scholar
Shirdel, M., Mirzadeh, H., and Parsa, M.H.: Microstructural evolution during normal/abnormal grain growth in austenitic stainless steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45(11), 5185 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirdel, M., Mirzadeh, H., and Parsa, M.H.: Abnormal grain growth in AISI 304L stainless steel. Mater. Charact. 97, 11 (2014).Google Scholar
Li, S.S., Liu, Y.H., Song, Y.L., Kong, L.N., Li, T.J., and Zhang, R.H.: Austenitic grain growth behavior during austenization in an aluminum-alloyed 5% Cr–Mo–V steel. Steel Res. Int. 87, 1 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, B.R. and Liu, Y.: Relationship between grain boundary curvature and grain size. Metall. Trans. A 23, 2481 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hellman, P. and Hillert, M.: Effect of second-phase particles on grain growth. Scand. J. Metall. 4, 211 (1975).Google Scholar
Humphreys, F.J. and Hatherly, M.: Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena, 2nd ed. (Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 2004).Google Scholar
Novikov, V.Yu.: On description of grain growth kinetics. Scr. Mater. 39(7), 945 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gil, F.J. and Planell, J.A.: Behaviour of normal grain growth kinetics in single phase titanium and titanium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 283, 17 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillert, M.: On the theory of normal and abnormal grain growth. Acta Metall. 13, 227 (1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S.J. and Lee, Y.K.: Prediction of austenite grain growth during austenitization of low alloy steels. Mater. Des. 29, 1840 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koo, J.B. and Yoon, D.Y.: Abnormal grain growth in bulk Cu—The dependence on initial grain size and annealing temperature. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 32, 1911 (2001).Google Scholar
Choi, J.S. and Yoon, D.Y.: The temperature dependence of abnormal grain growth and grain boundary faceting in 316L stainless steel. ISIJ Int. 41, 478 (2001).Google Scholar
Hamilton, J.C., Siegel, D.J., Daruka, I., and Léonard, F.: Why do grain boundaries exhibit finite facet lengths. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 246102 (2003).Google Scholar
Louat, N.P.: On the theory of normal grain growth. Acta Metall. 22, 721 (1974).Google Scholar
Feltham, P.: Grain growth in metals. Acta Metall. 5, 97 (1957).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, Y., Ding, H., Liu, L., and Shin, K.: Computer simulation of 2D grain growth using a cellular automata model based on the lowest energy principle. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 429, 236 (2006).Google Scholar
Srolovitz, D.J., Anderson, M.P., Sahni, P.S., and Grest, G.S.: Computer simulation of grain growth—II. Grain size distribution, topology, and local dynamics. Acta Metall. 32, 793 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, D., Geng, C., and Chen, L.Q.: Computer simulation of topological evolution in 2-D grain growth using a continuum diffuse-interface field model. Acta Mater. 45, 1115 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar