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Bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds by additive manufacturing and sinter-crystallization of fine glass powders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 May 2018

Hamada Elsayed Open the ORCID record for Hamada Elsayed [Opens in a new window] ,
Andrea Zocca Open the ORCID record for Andrea Zocca [Opens in a new window] ,
Johanna Schmidt ,
Jens Günster ,
Paolo Colombo  and
Enrico Bernardo
Hamada Elsayed
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy; and Ceramics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
Andrea Zocca
Affiliation:
Division of Ceramic Processing and Biomaterials, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin 12203, Germany
Johanna Schmidt
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
Jens Günster
Affiliation:
Division of Ceramic Processing and Biomaterials, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin 12203, Germany
Paolo Colombo
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, USA
Enrico Bernardo*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: enrico.bernardo@unipd.it
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Abstract

Wollastonite (CaSiO3)–diopside (CaMgSi2O6) glass-ceramic scaffolds have been successfully fabricated using two different additive manufacturing techniques: powder-based 3D printing (3DP) and digital light processing (DLP), coupled with the sinter-crystallization of glass powders with two different compositions. The adopted manufacturing process depended on the balance between viscous flow sintering and crystallization of the glass particles, in turn influenced by the powder size and the sensitivity of CaO–MgO–SiO2 glasses to surface nucleation. 3DP used coarser glass powders and was more appropriate for low temperature firing (800–900 °C), leading to samples with limited crystallization. On the contrary, DLP used finer glass powders, leading to highly crystallized glass-ceramic samples. Despite the differences in manufacturing technology and crystallization, all samples featured very good strength-to-density ratios, which benefit their use for bone tissue engineering applications. The bioactivity of 3D-printed glass-ceramics after immersion in simulated body fluid and the similarities, in terms of ionic releases and hydroxyapatite formation with already validated bioactive glass-ceramics, were preliminarily assessed.

Keywords

scaffoldssintered glass-ceramicswollastonitediopsideadditive manufacturing
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 14: Focus Issue: 3D Printing of Biomaterials , 27 July 2018 , pp. 1960 - 1971
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

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Footnotes

b)

This author was an editor of this journal during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs.org/editor-manuscripts/.

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