Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-l4dxg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-30T22:07:34.013Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Compositional gradient films constructed by sputtering in a multicomponent Ti–Al–(Cr, Fe, Ni) system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2018

Yong Zhang Open the ORCID record for Yong Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
XueHui Yan ,
Jiang Ma ,
ZhaoPing Lu  and
YuHong Zhao
Yong Zhang*
Affiliation:
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering & State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; and Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
XueHui Yan
Affiliation:
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering & State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Jiang Ma
Affiliation:
College of Mechatronic and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
ZhaoPing Lu
Affiliation:
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering & State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
YuHong Zhao
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: drzhangy@ustb.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

It has been reported that the optimal properties of materials are usually not linear to the configuration entropy of materials; in another word, the high-entropy alloys may not have the best properties among all the alloys, including medium-entropy alloys, thus all of these alloys can be universally named as entropic alloys. For entropic alloys, the design, discovery, and optimization of new materials are more complicated than conventional materials. A technique of high-throughput processing is urgently needed to improve the efficiency. In this paper, a combined method by using multitarget deposition has been proposed for parallel preparation of high-entropy to medium-entropy alloys. Films with compositional gradient were constructed in a pseudo-ternary Ti–Al–(Cr, Fe, Ni) system in this study. To facilitate the characterization of the material library, it has been divided into 144 independent units with an area of 1 cm2 and the maximum value of compositional gradient reaches ∼13 at.%/cm. The material library exhibits a high coverage of composition, and the range of element content varies from 3.3 to 89.2 at.% on average. The stability and homogeneity of the material library were analyzed from phase structure and microtopography. Preliminary screening of the phase structure and properties were performed. The phases are mainly composed of amorphous phase and body-centered cubic phase. Hardness changes nonlinearly with compositions. The material library synthesized in this study is expected to provide an effective platform for high-throughput screening of multicomponent materials.

Keywords

high-entropy alloysmedium-entropy alloyscombinational synthesismaterial librarymulticomponent alloys
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 19: Focus Issue: Fundamental Understanding and Applications of High-Entropy Alloys , 14 October 2018 , pp. 3330 - 3338
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Yeh, J-W., Chen, S-K., Lin, S-J., Gan, J-Y., Chin, T-S., Shun, T-T., Tsau, C-H., and Chang, S-Y.: Nanostructured high-entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: Novel alloy design concepts and outcomes. Adv. Eng. Mater. 6, 299 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y., Zuo, T-T., Tang, Z., Gao, M-C., Dahmen, K-A., Liaw, P-K., and Lu, Z-P.: Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys. Prog. Mater. Sci. 61, 1 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y., Yang, X., and Liaw, P-K.: Alloy design and properties optimization of high-entropy alloys. JOM 64, 830 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantor, B., Chang, I-T-H., Knight, P, and Vincent, A-J-B.: Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 375, 213 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, Y-J., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y-L., and Chen, G-L.: Solid solution alloys of AlCoCrFeNiTix with excellent room-temperature mechanical properties. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 253 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hemphill, M-A., Yuan, T., Wang, G-Y., Yeh, J-W., Tsai, C-W., Chuang, A, and Liaw, P-K.: Fatigue behavior of Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloys. Acta Mater. 60, 5723 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuo, T-T., Li, R-B., Ren, X-J., and Zhang, Y.: Effects of Al and Si addition on the structure and properties of CoFeNi equal atomic ratio alloy. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 371, 60 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Senkov, O-N., Wilks, G-B., Miracle, D-B., Chuang, C-P., and Liaw, P-K.: Refractory high-entropy alloys. Intermetallics 18, 1758 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, M-S., Wilks, G-B., Mauger, L., Muñoz, J-A., Senkov, O-N., Michel, E., Horwath, J., Semiatin, S-L., Stone, M-B., Abernathy, D-L., and Karapetrova, E.: Absence of long-range chemical ordering in equimolar FeCoCrNi. Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 299 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, W., Dmowski, W., Noh, J-Y., Rack, P., Liaw, P-K., and Egami, T.: Local atomic structure of a high-entropy alloy: An X-ray and neutron scattering study. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 44, 1994 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, X-H., Li, J-S., Zhang, W-R., and Zhang, Y.: A brief review of high-entropy films. Mater. Chem. Phys. 210, 12 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, R-X., Liaw, P-K., and Zhang, Y.: Synthesis of AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys by high-gravity combustion from oxides. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 707, 668 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yao, Y., Huang, Z., Xie, P., Lacey, S-D., Jacob, R-J., Xie, H., Chen, F., Nie, A., Pu, T., and Rehwoldt, M.: Carbothermal shock synthesis of high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles. Science 359, 1489 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, H., Takeuchi, I., and Xiang, X-D.: A low-loss composition region identified from a thin-film composition spread of (Ba1−x−ySrxCay)TiO3. Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1165 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoo, Y-K., Duewer, F., Yang, H-T., Yi, D., Li, J.W., and Xiang, X.D.: Room-temperature electronic phase transitions in the continuous phase diagrams of perovskite manganites. Nature 406, 704 (2000).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoo, Y-K., Xue, Q., Chu, Y-S., Xu, S., Hangen, U., Lee, H-C., Stein, W, and Xiang, X-D.: Identification of amorphous phases in the Fe–Ni–Co ternary alloy system using continuous phase diagram material chips. Intermetallics 14, 241 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mao, S-S.: High throughput growth and characterization of thin film materials. J. Cryst. Growth 379, 123 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jin, Z., Fukumura, T., Kawasaki, M., Ando, K., Saito, H., Sekiguchi, T., Yoo, Y-Z., Murakami, M., Matsumoto, Y., and Hasegawa, T.: High throughput fabrication of transition-metal-doped epitaxial ZnO thin films: A series of oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductors and their properties. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3824 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, X., Briceño, G., Lou, Y., Wang, K-A., Chang, H., Wallace-Freedman, W-G., Chen, S-W., and Schultz, P-G.: A combinatorial approach to materials discovery. Science 268, 1738 (1995).Google Scholar
Sun, X-D., Gao, C., Wang, J., and Xiang, X-D.: Identification and optimization of advanced phosphors using combinatorial libraries. Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 3353 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanak, J-J.: The “multiple-sample concept” in materials research: Synthesis, compositional analysis and testing of entire multicomponent systems. J. Mater. Sci. 5, 964 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y., Jensen, K-E., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Gong, P., Scanley, E., Broadbridge, C-C., and Schroers, J.: Combinatorial strategies for synthesis and characterization of alloy microstructures over large compositional ranges. ACS Comb. Sci. 18, 630 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, Y., Padmanabhan, J., Cheung, B., Liu, J., Chen, Z., Scanley, B-E., Wesolowski, D., Pressley, M., Broadbridge, C-C., and Altman, S.: Combinatorial development of antibacterial Zr–Cu–Al–Ag thin film metallic glasses. Sci. Rep. 6, 26950 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ding, S., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Liu, Z., Sohn, S., Walker, F-J., and Schroers, J.: Combinatorial development of bulk metallic glasses. Nat. Mater. 13, 494 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, Y.S., Chen, L., Lui, H-W., Cai, M-H., and Yeh, J-W.: Microstructure, hardness, resistivity and thermal stability of sputtered oxide films of AlCoCrCu0.5NiFe high-entropy alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 457, 77 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, T-K., Shun, T-T., Yeh, J-W., and Wong, M-S.: Nanostructured nitride films of multi-element high-entropy alloys by reactive DC sputtering. Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 1361 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ye, Q., Feng, K., Li, Z., Lu, F., Li, R., Huang, J., and Wu, Y.: Microstructure and corrosion properties of CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy coating. Appl. Surf. Sci. 396, 1420 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimblin, C-W. and Lowke, J-J.: Decay and thermal reignition of low-current cylindrical arcs. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 4545 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrhenius, G.: X-Ray Diffraction Procedures for Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials, Vol. 79 (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 1974); p. 992.Google Scholar
Shafeie, S., Guo, S., Hu, Q., Fahlquist, H., Erhart, P., and Palmqvist, A.: High-entropy alloys as high-temperature thermoelectric materials. J. Appl. Phys. 118, 105 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Senkov, O-N., Wilks, G-B., Scott, J-M., and Miracle, D-B.: Mechanical properties of Nb25Mo25Ta25W25 and V20Nb20Mo20Ta20W20 refractory high entropy alloys. Intermetallics 19, 698 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, D-Y. and Zhang, Y.: The ultrahigh charpy impact toughness of forged AlxCoCrFeNi high entropy alloys at room and cryogenic temperatures. Intermetallics 70, 24 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar