Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T23:22:03.189Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effective indenter radius and frame compliance in instrumented indentation testing using a spherical indenter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Seung-Kyun Kang
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
Ju-Young Kim*
Affiliation:
Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106
Dongil Kwon
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: jyk@caltech.edu
Get access

Abstract

We introduce a novel method to correct for imperfect indenter geometry and frame compliance in instrumented indentation testing with a spherical indenter. Effective radii were measured directly from residual indentation marks at various contact depths (ratio of contact depth to indenter radius between 0.1 and 0.9) and were determined as a function of contact depth. Frame compliance was found to depend on contact depth especially at small indentation depths, which is successfully explained using the concept of an extended frame boundary. Improved representative stress-strain values as well as hardness and elastic modulus were obtained over the entire contact depth.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Bulychev, S.I., Alekhin, V.P., Shorshorov, M.K., Ternovskii, A.P. and Shnyrev, G.D.: Determining Young's modulus from the indentor penetration diagram. Zavod. Lab. 41, 1137 (1975).Google Scholar
2Doerner, M.F. and Nix, W.D.: A method for interpreting the data from depth-sensing indentation instruments. J. Mater. Res. 1, 601 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic-modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Gouldstone, A., Chollacoop, N., Dao, M., Li, J., Minor, A.M. and Shen, Y.L.: Indentation across size scales and disciplines: Recent developments in experimentation and modeling. Acta Mater. 55, 4015 (2007).Google Scholar
5Fischer-Cripps, A.C.: A review of analysis methods for sub-micron indentation testing. Vacuum 58, 569 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Mukhopadhyay, N.K. and Paufler, P.: Micro- and nanoindentation techniques for mechanical characterisation of materials. Int. Mater. Rev. 51, 209 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Field, J.S. and Swain, M.V.: Determining the mechanical-properties of small volumes of material from submicrometer spherical indentations. J. Mater. Res. 10, 101 (1995).Google Scholar
8Schuh, C.A.: Nanoindentation studies of materials. Mater. Today 9, 32 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Tabor, D.: Hardness of Metals (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1951).Google Scholar
10Bolshakov, A. and Pharr, G.M.: Influences of pileup on the measurement of mechanical properties by load and depth-sensing indentation techniques. J. Mater. Res. 13, 1049 (1998).Google Scholar
11Fischer-Cripps, A.C.: Nanoindentation (Springer, New York, 2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater. Res. 19, 3 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Cheng, Y.T. and Cheng, C.M.: Scaling, dimensional analysis, and indentation measurements. Mater. Sci. Eng., R 44, 91 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Kim, J.Y., Lee, B.W., Read, D.T. and Kwon, D.: Influence of tip bluntness on the size-dependent nanoindentation hardness. Scr. Mater. 52, 353 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Kim, J.Y., Kang, S.K., Greer, J.R. and Kwon, D.: Evaluating plastic flow properties by characterizing indentation size effect using a sharp indenter. Acta Mater. 56, 3338 (2008).Google Scholar
16Kim, J.Y., Kang, S.K., Lee, J.J., Jang, J.I., Lee, Y.H. and Kwon, D.: Influence of surface-roughness on indentation size effect. Acta Mater. 55, 3555 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Ahn, J.H. and Kwon, D.: Derivation of plastic stress-strain relationship from ball indentations: Examination of strain definition and pileup effect. J. Mater. Res. 16, 3170 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Kim, S.H., Lee, B.W., Choi, Y. and Kwon, D.: Quantitative determination of contact depth during spherical indentation of metallic materials: A FEM study. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 415, 59 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Kim, J.Y., Lee, K.W., Lee, J.S. and Kwon, D.: Determination of tensile properties by instrumented indentation technique: Representative stress and strain approach. Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 4278 (2006).Google Scholar
20Jeon, E.C., Kim, J.Y., Baik, M.K., Kim, S.H., Park, J.S. and Kwon, D.: Optimum definition of true strain beneath a spherical indenter for deriving indentation flow curves. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 419, 196 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Taljat, B., Zacharia, T. and Kosel, F.: New analytical procedure to determine stress-strain curve from spherical indentation data. Int. J. Solids Struct. 35, 4411 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Dao, M., Chollacoop, N., Vliet, K.J. Van, Venkatesh, T.A. and Suresh, S.: Computational modeling of the forward and reverse problems in instrumented sharp indentation. Acta Mater. 49, 3899 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Chollacoop, N., Dao, M. and Suresh, S.: Depth-sensing instrumented indentation with dual sharp indenters. Acta Mater. 51, 3713 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Herbert, E.G., Pharr, G.M., Oliver, W.C., Lucas, B.N. and Hay, J.L.: On the measurement of stress-strain curves by spherical indentation. Thin Solid Films 398-399, 331 (2001).Google Scholar
25Jayaraman, S., Hahn, G.T., Oliver, W.C., Rubin, C.A. and Bastias, P.C.: Determination of monotonic stress-strain curve of hard materials from ultra-low-load indentation tests. Int. J. Solids Struct. 35, 365 (1998).Google Scholar
26Cheng, Y.T. and Cheng, C.M.: Scaling relationships in conical indentation of elastic perfectly plastic solids. Int. J. Solids Struct. 36, 1231 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Giannakopoulos, A.E. and Suresh, S.: Theory of indentation of piezoelectric materials. Scr. Mater. 40, 1191 (1999).Google Scholar
28Venkatesh, T.A., Vliet, K.J. Van, Giannakopoulos, A.E. and Suresh, S.: Determination of elasto-plastic properties by instrumented sharp indentation: Guidelines for property extraction. Scr. Mater. 42, 833 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Bucaille, J.L., Stauss, S., Felder, E. and Michler, J.: Determination of plastic properties of metals by instrumented indentation using different sharp indenters. Acta Mater. 51, 1663 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Bouzakis, K.D. and Michailidis, N.: Coating elastic-plastic properties determined by means of nanoindentations and FEM-supported evaluation algorithms. Thin Solid Films 469-470, 227 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Suresh, S. and Giannakopoulos, A.E.: A new method for estimating residual stresses by instrumented sharp indentation. Acta Mater. 465, 755 (1998).Google Scholar
32Lee, Y.H. and Kwon, D.: Estimation of biaxial surface stress by instrumented indentation with sharp indenters. Acta Mater. 52, 1555 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Lee, Y.H., Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.S., Kim, K.H., Koo, J.Y. and Kwon, D.: Using the instrumented indentation technique for stress characterization of friction stir-welded API X80 steel. Philos. Mag. 86, 5497 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34Lee, J.S., Jang, J.I., Lee, B.W., Choi, Y., Lee, S.G. and Kwon, D.: An instrumented indentation technique for estimating fracture toughness of ductile materials: A critical indentation energy model based on continuum damage mechanics. Acta Mater. 54, 1101 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Lawn, B.R. and Fuller, E.R.: Equilibrium penny-like cracks in indentation fracture. J. Mater. Sci. 10, 2016 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36Lawn, B.R., Evans, A.G. and Marshall, D.B.: Effect of residual contact stresses on mirror-flaw-size relations. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 63, 574 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37Byun, T.S., Kim, J.W. and Hong, J.H.: A theoretical model for determination of fracture toughness of reactor pressure-vessel steels in the transition region from automated ball indentation test. J. Nucl. Mater. 252, 187 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Kim, J.Y., Kim, S.H., Lee, J.S., Lee, K.W. and Kwon, D.: Mechanical characterization of nano-structured materials using nanoindentation. Met. Mater. Int. 12, 219 (2006).Google Scholar
39Wei, Y.G., Wang, X.Z. and Zhao, M.H.: Size effect measurement and characterization in nanoindentation test. J. Mater. Res. 19, 208 (2004).Google Scholar
40Swadener, J.G., George, E.P. and Pharr, G.M.: The correlation of the indentation size effect measured with indenters of various shapes. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 50, 681 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41Johnson, K.L.: Contact Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42Park, Y.J. and Pharr, G.M.: Nanoindentation with spherical indenters: Finite element studies of deformation in the elastic-plastic transition regime. Thin Solid Films 447-448, 246 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43Gerberich, W.W., Nelson, J.C., Lilleodden, E.T., Anderson, P. and Wyrobek, J.T.: Indentation induced dislocation nucleation: The initial yield point. Acta Mater. 44, 3585 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44Chiu, Y.L. and Ngan, A.H.W.: A TEM investigation on indentation plastic zones in Ni3Al(Cr,B) single crystals. Acta Mater. 50, 1599 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45Bei, H., George, E.P., Hay, J.L. and Pharr, G.M.: Influence of indenter tip geometry on elastic deformation during nanoindentation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 045501 (2005).Google Scholar
46Alcalà, J., Barone, A.C. and Anglada, M.: The influence of plastic hardening on surface deformation modes around Vickers and spherical indents. Acta Mater. 48, 3451 (2000).Google Scholar
47Maneiro, M.A.G. and Rodríguez, J.: A new consideration on spherical depth-sensing indentation. J. Mater. Lett. 62, 69 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48Rodríguez, J. and Maneiro, M.A.G.: A procedure to prevent pile up effects on the analysis of spherical indentation data in elastic-plastic materials. Mech. Mater. 39, 987 (2007).Google Scholar