Hostname: page-component-76c49bb84f-lxspr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-07-10T08:19:30.735Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluation of microstructure and superplasticity in friction stir processed 5083 Al alloy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2004

I. Charit  and
R.S. Mishra
I. Charit
Affiliation:
Center for Friction Stir Processing and Department of Metallurgical Engineering,University of Missouri, Rolla, Missouri 65409
R.S. Mishra*
Affiliation:
Center for Friction Stir Processing and Department of Metallurgical Engineering,University of Missouri, Rolla, Missouri 65409
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: rsmishra@umr.edu
Get access

Abstract

Friction stir processing (FSP) has been developed as a potential grain refinement technique. In the current study, a commercial 5083 Al alloy was friction stir processed with three combinations of FSP parameters. Fine-grained microstructures with average grain sizes of 3.5–8.5 μm were obtained. Tensile tests revealed that the maximum ductility of 590 was achieved at a strain rate of 3 × 10−3 s−1 and 530 °C in the 6.5-μm grain size FSP material, whereas for the material with 8.5-μm grain size, maximum ductility of 575 was achieved at a strain rate of 3 × 10−4 s−1 and490 °C. The deformation mechanisms for both the materials were grain boundary sliding (m ∼0.5) However, the 3.5-μm grain size material showed maximum ductility of 315 at 10−2 s−1 and 430 °C. The flow mechanism was solute-drag dislocation glide (m ∼0.33) This study indicated that establishing a processing window is crucial for obtaining optimized microstructure for optimum superplasticity.

Keywords

AlloyMicrostructureSuperplasticity

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 19 , Issue 11 , November 2004 , pp. 3329 - 3342
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

1Barnes, A.J.: Superplastic aluminum forming – expanding its techno-economic niche. Mater. Sci. Forum 304–306, 785 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Imamura, H. and Ridley, N. In Superplasticity in Advanced Materials, edited by Hori, S., Tokizane, M., and Furoshiro, N. (JSRS Symp. Proc., Tokyo, Japan, 1991), p. 453.Google Scholar
3Verma, R., Ghosh, A.K., Kim, S. and Kim, C.: Grain refinement and superplasticity in 5083 Al. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 191, 143 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Pimenoff, J., Yagodzinskyy, Y., Romu, J. and Hanninen, H.: Effects of the temperature of warm rolling on the superplastic behavior of AA5083 aluminium base alloy. Mater. Sci. Forum 357–359, 277 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Perez-Prado, M.T., Gonzalez-Doncel, G., Ruano, O.A. and McNelley, T.R.: Texture analysis of the transition from slip to grain boundary sliding in a discontinuously recrystallized superplastic aluminum alloy. Acta Mater. 49, 2259 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Hsiao, I.C. and Huang, J.C.: Deformation mechanisms during low- and high-temperature superplasticity in 5083 Al-Mg alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. 33A, 1373 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Iwasaki, H., Hosokawa, H., Mori, T., Tagata, T. and Higashi, K.: Quantitative assessment of superplastic deformation behavior in a commercial 5083 alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 252, 199 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Dupuy, L., Blandin, J.J. and Rauch, E.F.: Structural and mechanical properties in AA 5083 processed by ECAE. Mater. Sci. Technol. 16, 1256 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Sinclair, J.W., Hartwig, K.T. Jr., Goforth, R.E., Kenik, E.A. and Voelkl, E. In Ultrafine Grained Materials, edited by Mishra, R.S., Semiatin, S.L., Suryanarayana, C., Thadhani, N.N., and Lowe, T.C. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2000), p. 393.Google Scholar
10Herling, D.R. and Smith, M.T. In Ultrafine Grained Materials, edited by Mishra, R.S., Semiatin, S.L., Suryanarayana, C., Thadhani, N.N., and Lowe, T.C. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2000), p. 411.Google Scholar
11Park, K.T., Hwang, D.Y., Chang, S.Y. and Shin, D.H.: Low-temperature superplastic behavior of a submicrometer-grained 5083 Al alloy fabricated by severe plastic deformation. Metall. Mater. Trans. 33A, 2859 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Tsuji, N., Shiotsuki, K. and Saito, Y.: Superplasticity of ultra-fline grained Al-Mg alloy produced by accumulative roll-bonding. Mater. Trans. (JIM) 40, 765 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Watanabe, H., Ohori, K. and Takeuchi, Y.: Superplastic behavior of Al–Mg–Cu alloys. Trans. Iron Steel Inst., Japan. 27, 730 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Li, F., Bae, D.H. and Ghosh, A.K.: Grain elongation and anisotropic grain growth during superplastic deformation in an Al-Mg-Mn-Cu alloy. Acta Mater. 45, 3887 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Kannan, K., Johnson, C.H. and Hamilton, C.H.: A study of superplasticity in a modified 5083 Al-Mg-Mn alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. 29A, 1211 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Vetrano, J.S., Henager, C.H. Jr. and Bruemmer, S.M. In Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming, edited by Ghosh, A.K. and Bieler, T.R. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1998), p. 89.Google Scholar
17Henager, C.H. Jr., Vetrano, J.S., Gertsman, V.Y. and Bruemmer, S.M. In Superplasticity—Curent Status and Future Potential, edited by Berbon, P.B., Berbon, M.Z., Sakuma, T., and Langdon, T.G. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 601 Warrendale, PA, 2000), p. 31.Google Scholar
18Kaibyshev, R.O. and Musin, F.F.: Subsolidus superplasticity. Doklady Physics 45, 324 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Chanda, T., Ghosh, A.K. and Lavender, C. In Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming, edited by Ghosh, A.K. and Bieler, T.R. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1995), p. 49.Google Scholar
20Higashi, K., Tanimura, S. and Ito, T. in Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics, and Intermetallics, edited by Mayo, M.J., Kobayashi, M., and Wadsworth, J. (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 196 Pittsburgh, PA, 1990), p. 385.Google Scholar
21Grimes, R., Dashwood, R.J., Harrison, A.W. and Flower, H.M.: Development of a high strain rate superplastic Al-Mg-Zr alloy. Mater. Sci. Technol. 16, 1334 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Park, K.T., Hwang, D.H., Lee, Y.K., Kim, Y.K. and Shin, D.H.: High strain rate superplasticity of submicrometer grained 5083 Al alloy containing scandium fabricated by severe plastic deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 341, 273 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Thomas, W.M., Nicholas, E.D., Needham, J.C., Murch, M.G., Templesmith, P., and Dawes, C.J.: “Friction Stir Butt Welding.” G.B. Application No. 9125978.8, Dec. 1991; U.S. Patent No. 5460317, Oct. 1995.Google Scholar
24Mishra, R.S., Mahoney, M.W., McFadden, S.X., Mara, N.A. and Mukherjee, A.K.: High strain rate superplasticity in a friction stir processed 7075 Al alloy. Scripta Mater. 42, 163 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Mishra, R.S. and Mahoney, M.W.: Friction stir processing: A new grain refinement technique to achieve high strain rate superplas ticity in commercial alloys. Mater. Sci. Forum 357–359, 507 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Charit, I. and Mishra, R.S.: High strain rate superplasticity in a commercial 2024 Al alloy via friction stir processing. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 359, 290 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Ma, Z.Y., Mishra, R.S. and Mahoney, M.W.: Superplastic deformation behavior of friction stir processed 7075Al alloy. Acta Mater. 50, 4419 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Ma, Z.Y., Mishra, R.S., Mahoney, M.W. and Grimes, R.: High strain rate superplasticity in friction stir processed Al-Mg-Zr alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 351, 148 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Charit, I. and Mishra, R.S. In Ultrafine Grained Materials III, edited by Zhu, Y.T., Langdon, T.G., Valiev, R.Z., Semiatin, S.L., Shin, D.H., and Lowe, T.C. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2004), p. 95.Google Scholar
30Frost, H.J. and Ashby, M.F.: Deformation Mechanism Maps (Pergamon Press, London, U.K., 1985), p. 21.Google Scholar
31Humphreys, F.J. and Hatherly, M.: Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomenon (Pergamon Press, London, U.K., 2002), p. 128.Google Scholar
32Williams, J.C. and Starke, E.A. Jr. In Deformation, Processing and Structure, edited by Krauss, G. (ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1982) p. 279.Google Scholar
33Matsuo, M. In Superplasticity: 60 years after Pearson, edited by Ridley, N. (Maney Publisher, London, U.K., 1995), p. 277.Google Scholar
34Humphreys, F.J., Prangnell, P.B., Bowen, J.R., Gholinia, A. and Harris, C.: Developing stable fine grain microstructures by large strain deformation. Phil. Trans. A (Royal Society) 357, 1663 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Sato, Y.S., Park, S.H.C. and Kokawa, H.: Microstructural factors governing hardness in friction-stir welds of solid-solution-hardened Al alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. 32A, 3033 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36Peel, M., Steuwer, A., Preuss, M., Withers, P.J.: Microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stresses as a function of welding speed in aluminium AA5083 friction stir welds. Acta Mater. 51, 4791 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37Frigaard, O., Grong, O. and Midling, O.T.: A process model for friction stir welding of age hardening aluminium alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. 32A, 1189 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Karlsen, M., Frigaard, O., Hjelen, H., Grong, O. and Norum, H.: SEM-EBSD - characterisation of the deformation microstructure in friction stir welded 2024 T351 aluminium alloy. Mater. Sci. Forum 426–432, 2861 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Jata, K.V. and Semiatin, S.L.: Continuous dynamic recrystallisation during friction stir welding of high strength aluminium alloys. Scripta Mater. 43, 743 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40Su, J.Q., Nelson, T. W., Mishra, R. and Mahoney, M.: Microstructural investigation of friction stir welded 7050-T651 aluminium. Acta Mater. 51, 713 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41Heinz, B. and Skrotzki, B.: Characterisation of a friction-stir-welded aluminium alloy 6013. Metall. Mater. Trans. 33B, 489 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42Li, F.: Microstructural evolution and mechanisms of superplasticity in an Al-4.5 Mg alloy. Mater. Sci. Technol. 13, 17 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43McQueen, H.J. In Materials in Automotive Industry, edited by Essadiai, E., Goodwin, F.E., and Elboujdaini, M., (Canadian Metal Society, Toronto, Canada, 2001), p. 279.Google Scholar
44Taleff, E.M. In Creep Behavior of Advanced Materials for the 21st Century, edited by Mishra, R.S., Mukherjee, A.K., and Murty, K.L. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1999), p. 349.Google Scholar
45Charit, I., Mishra, R.S. and Mahoney, M.W.: Multi-sheet structures in 7475 aluminum by friction stir welding in concert with post-weld superplastic forming. Scripta Mater. 47, 631 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46Mishra, R.S., Islamgaliev, R.K., Nelson, T.W., Hovansky, Y. and Mahoney, M.W.: In Friction Stir Welding and Processing, edited by Jata, K.V., Mahoney, M.W., Mishra, R.S., Semiatin, S.L., and Field, D.P. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2001), p. 205.Google Scholar
47Charit, I., Ma, Z.Y. and Mishra, R.S.: In Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys III, edited by Jin, Z., Beaudoin, A., Bieler, T.A., and Radhakrishnan, B. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2003), p. 331.Google Scholar
48Humphreys, F.J.: A unified theory of recovery, recrystallisation and grain growth, based on the stability and growth of cellular microstructures. Acta Mater. 45, 5031 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49Randle, V. and Brown, A.: The effects of strain on grain misorientation texture during the grain growth incubation Period. Philos. Mag. A 58, 717 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50Antonione, C., Marino, F., Riontino, G. and Tabasso, M.C.: Effect of slight deformations on grain growth in iron. J. Mater. Sci. 12, 747 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51Koo, J.B., Yoon, D.H. and Henry, M.F.: The effect of small deformation on abnormal grain growth in bulk Cu. Metall. Mater. Trans. 33A, 3803 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52Mahoney, M., Mishra, R.S., Nelson, T., Flintoff, J., Islamgaliev, R. and Hovansky, Y. In Friction Stir Welding and Processing, edited by Jata, K.V., Mahoney, M.W., Mishra, R.S., Semiatin, S.L., and Field, D.P. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2001), p. 183.Google Scholar
53Sherby, O.D. and Wadsworth, J.: Superplasticity- recent advances and future directions. Prog. Mater. Sci. 33, 169 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54Watanabe, T.: Key issues of grain boundary engineering for superplasticity. Mater. Sci. Forum 243–245, 21 (1997).Google Scholar
55McNelley, T.R., McMohan, M.E. and Hales, S.J.: An EBSP investigation of alternate microstructures for superplasticity in aluminum-magnesium alloys. Scripta Mater. 36, 369 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56Hirata, T., Osa, T., Hosokawa, H. and Higashi, K.: Effects of flow stress and grain size on the evolution of grain boundary microstructure in superplastic 5083 aluminum alloy. Mater. Trans. (JIM) 43, 2385 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57Otsuka, M., Shibasaki, S. and Kikuchi, M.: Superplasticity in coarse grained Al-Mg alloys. Mater. Sci. Forum 233–234, 193 (1997).Google Scholar
58Taleff, E.M. and Qiao, J.: In Light Metals 2001, edited by Sahoo, M. and Lewis, T.J.. (Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Montreal, Canada, 2001), p. 77.Google Scholar
59Mishra, R.S., Bieler, T.R. and Mukherjee, A.K.: Superplasticity in powder-metallurgy alumunum-alloys and composites. Acta Metall. Mater. 43, 877 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60Kulas, M.A., Krajewski, P.E., McNelley, T. and Taleff, E.M.: In Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys III, edited by Jin, Z., Beaudoin, A., Bieler, T.R., and Radhakrishnan, B. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2003), p. 499.Google Scholar
61Iwasaki, H., Kariya, R., Mabuchi, M., Tagata, T. and Higashi, K.: Effects of flow stress and grain size on the evolution of grain boundary microstructure in superplastic 5083 aluminum alloy. Mater. Trans. (JIM) 42, 1771 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62Kim, W.J.: Role of subgrain formation in high strain rate superplasticity of Al-Mg alloy. Mater. Sci. Forum 304–306, 273 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63Oikawa, H. In Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, edited by Wilshire, B. and Evans, R.W. (The Institute of Metals, London, 1987), p. 99.Google Scholar
64Bieler, T.R. and Mukherjee, A.K.: The high strain rate superplastic deformation mechanisms of mechanically alloyed aluminum IN90211. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 128, 171 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65Weertman, J. and Weertman, J.R. In Constitutive Relations and Their Physical Basis, edited by And, S.I.ersen, Slide-Sorensen, J.B., Hansen, N., Leffers, T., Lilholt, H., Pederson, O.B., and Ralph, B. (RISO National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1987), p. 191.Google Scholar
66Ridley, N. and Wang, Z.C.: Cavitation in superplastic materials. Mater. Sci. Forum 170–172, 177 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67Taleff, E.M., Leuser, D.R., Syn, C.K. and Henshall, G.A. In Recent Advances in Fracture, edited by Mahidhara, R.K., Geltmacher, A.B., Matic, P., and Sadananda, K. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1997), p. 295.Google Scholar
68Ma, Z.Y. and Mishra, R.S.: Cavitation in superplastic 7075Al alloys prepared via friction stir processing. Acta Mater. 51, 3551 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69Hancock, J.W.: Creep cavitation without a vacancy flux. Met. Sci. 10, 319 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70Cocks, A.C.F. and Ashby, M.F.: Creep fracture by coupled power-law creep and diffusion under multiaxial stress. Met. Sci. 16, 465 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71Stowell, M.J.: Cavity growth in superplastic alloys. Met. Sci. 14, 267 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar