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Grain-growth kinetics of rutile TiO2 nanocrystals under hydrothermal conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Guangshe Li ,
Liping Li ,
Juliana Boerio-Goates  and
Brian F. Woodfield
Guangshe Li
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
Liping Li
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
Juliana Boerio-Goates
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
Brian F. Woodfield*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: brian_woodfield@byu.edu
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Abstract

Rutile nanocrystals were directly prepared under hydrothermal conditions using TiCl4 as the starting material. The formation reactions proceeded by suppressing the crystallization of the other TiO2 polymorphs using a fixed concentration of 0.62 M [Ti4+]. With increasing reaction temperatures from 140 to 220°C, rutile nanocrystals were found to grow from 5.4 to 26.4 nm in size, and by varying the reaction time from 2 to 120 h at 200°C the particle size increased from 17 to 40 nm. The grain-growth kinetics of rutile TiO2 nanocrystals under hydrothermal conditions was found to follow the equation, Dn = k0 × t × e(-Ea/RT) with a grain-growth exponent n = 5 and an activation energy of Ea = 170.8 kJ mol-1. The nanocrystals thus obtained consist of an interior rutile lattice and a surface hydration layer. With decreasing particle size, the hydration effects at the surface increase, while the rutile structure shows a lattice expansion and covalency enhancement in the Ti-O bonding.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 18 , Issue 11 , November 2003 , pp. 2664 - 2669
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2003

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