Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T15:36:48.610Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Growth of graphite nanofibers from the decomposition of CO/H2 over silica-supported iron–nickel particles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

P. E. Anderson  and
N. M. Rodriguez
P. E. Anderson
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
N. M. Rodriguez
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
Get access

Abstract

Extremely fine, tubular graphite nanofibers of varying geometries and degrees of crystallinity were produced by the decomposition of CO and hydrogen over various compositions of nickel–iron particles supported on silica. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy coupled with temperature programmed oxidation studies revealed that, as the iron content of the catalyst was increased, the bimetallic particles precipitated a chainlike graphitic fibrous structure in a stepwise mechanism. The high-iron-content system Fe–Ni (8:2) yielded a small amount of these chainlike graphite fibers that were extremely resilient to oxidation, suggesting a highly crystalline structure. When the catalyst particles consisted of a nickel–iron mixture, Fe–Ni (5:5), there was a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the fibers (78% graphite) and a corresponding increase in the amount of amorphous carbon precipitated (22% amorphous) within the structure. The high-nickel catalyst Fe–Ni (2:8) generated the largest amount of the tubular nanofiber product. It was significant that there was an increase in the amorphous carbon content (58%) precipitated as opposed to graphitic carbon (42%) in the structures. In some cases, amorphous carbon was deposited inside the graphite core of the nanofibers. The influence of the catalyst composition and nature of the metal-support interaction are key factors in the continuing development of graphite nanofibers possessing desired structures for potential uses in a variety of applications.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 14 , Issue 7 , July 1999 , pp. 2912 - 2921
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Iijima, S., Nature 354, 56 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Ando, Y., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, L134 (1993).Google Scholar
3.Ebbesen, T.W., Hiura, H., Fujita, J., Ochiari, Y., Matsui, S., and Tanigaki, K., Chem. Phys. Lett. 209, 83 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Charlier, J-C. and Issi, J-P., Appl. Phys. A 67, 79 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Ostling, D., Tomanek, D., and Rosen, A., Phys. Rev. B 55, R13980 (1997).Google Scholar
6.Ebbesen, T.W. and Ajayan, P.M., Nature 358, 220 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Saito, Y., Okuda, M., Yoshikawa, T., Kasuya, A., and Nishina, Y., J. Phys. Chem. 98, 6696 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Wang, Y., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 397 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Thess, A., Lee, R., Kolaev, P.N., Dai, H., Petit, P., Robert, J., Xu, C., Lee, Y.H., Kim, S.G., Rinzler, A.G., Colbert, D.T., Scuseria, G.E., Tománek, D., Fischer, J.E., and Smalley, R.R., Science 273, 483 (1996).Google Scholar
10.Rodriguez, N.M., J. Mater. Res. 8, 3233 (1993).Google Scholar
11.Chambers, A., Park, C., Baker, R.T.K, and Rodriguez, N.M., J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 4253 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Yang, R.T. and Chen, J.P., J. Catal. 115, 52 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Rodriguez, N.M., Chambers, A., and Baker, R.T.K, Langmuir 11, 3862 (1995).Google Scholar
14.Kim, M.S., Rodriguez, N.M., and Baker, R.T.K, J. Catal. 134, 253 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Rodriguez, N.M., Kim, M.S., and Baker, R.T.K, J. Catal. 144, 93 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Krishnankutty, N., Park, C., Rodriguez, N.M., and Baker, R.T.K, Catal. Today 37, 295 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Park, C., Rodriguez, N.M., and Baker, R.T.K, J. Catal. 169, 212 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Zhao, Y-X., Bowers, C.W., and Spain, I.L., Carbon 26, 291 (1988).Google Scholar
19.Baker, R.T.K and Chludzinski, J.J., J. Phys. Chem. 90, 4734 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Baker, R.T.K and Rodriguez, N.M. in Novel Forms of Carbon II, edited by Renschler, C.L., Cox, D.M., Pouch, J.J., and Achiba, Y., (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 349, Pittsburgh, PA, 1994), p. 251.Google Scholar
21.Ivanov, V., Fonseca, A., Nagy, J.B., Lucas, A., Lambin, P., Bernaets, D., and Zhang, X.B., Carbon 33, 1727 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Baker, R.T.K, Barber, M.A., Feates, F.S., Harris, P.S., and Waite, R.J., J. Catal. 30, 86 (1972).Google Scholar
23.Baker, R.T.K and Waite, R.J., J. Catal. 37, 101 (1975).Google Scholar
24.Baker, R.T.K and Harris, P.S., in Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, edited by Walker, P.L. Jr, and Thrower, P.A. (Dekker, New York, 1978), Vol. 14, p. 83.Google Scholar
25.Vreeburg, R.J., van de Loosdrecht, J., Gijzeman, O.L.J, and Geus, J.W., Catal. Today 10, 329 (1991).Google Scholar
26.Sung, S. and Hoffman, R.J., Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 578 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Mate, C.M. and Somorjai, G.A., Surf. Sci. 160, 542 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.White, J.M., J. Phys. Chem. 87, 915 (1987).Google Scholar
29.Akhter, S. and White, J.M., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 864 (1988).Google Scholar
30.Akhter, S. and White, J.M., CRC Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 14, 131 (1988).Google Scholar
31.Geus, J.W., in Chemisorption and Reactions on Metallic Films, edited by Anderson, J.R., Academic Press, New York, (1971), Vol. 1, p. 129.Google Scholar
32.Ruckenstein, E. and Chu, Y.F., J. Catal. 59, 109 (1979).Google Scholar
33.Wortis, M., in Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VII, edited by Vanselow, R. and Howe, R.Springer Verlag, Berlin, (1988), p. 367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Tauster, S.J., Fung, S.C., Baker, R.T.K and Horsley, J.A., Science 211, 1121 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Baker, R.T.K, J. Adhesion 52, 13 (1995).Google Scholar
36.Humenik, M., Hall, D.W., and van Alsten, R.L., Metal. Progr. 4, 101 (1962).Google Scholar
37.Weisweiler, W. and Mahadevan, V., High Temp. High Pressures 4, 27 (1972).Google Scholar