Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T11:27:41.722Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Improved photocatalytic reactivity of ZnO photocatalysts decorated with Ni and their magnetic recoverability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2015

Guoliang Yang ,
Qi Liu ,
Yinghuan Fu ,
Hongchao Ma ,
Chun Ma ,
Xiaoli Dong ,
Xinxin Zhang  and
Xiufang Zhang
Guoliang Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry Engineering & Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjinzi District, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
Qi Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry Engineering & Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjinzi District, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
Yinghuan Fu
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry Engineering & Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjinzi District, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
Hongchao Ma*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry Engineering & Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjinzi District, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
Chun Ma
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry Engineering & Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjinzi District, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
Xiaoli Dong*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry Engineering & Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjinzi District, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
Xinxin Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry Engineering & Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjinzi District, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
Xiufang Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry Engineering & Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjinzi District, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: m-h-c@sohu.com
b)e-mail: dongxl@dlpu.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

In this paper, the Ni-decorated ZnO photocatalysts with magnetic separable characteristics were prepared by a simple replacing-hydrothermal process for the first time. The as-synthesized composites were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and so on. It is found that the introduction of Ni (as Ni0 and Ni2+ forms) turned the morphologies of ZnO photocatalysts, enhanced photoabsorption in a visible light region, and increased amount of surface adsorbed oxygen. The photodegradation test of anthraquinone dye (reactive brilliant blue KN-R) indicated that the Ni-decorated ZnO photocatalysts have better activities as compared to the ZnO reference. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity of Ni-decorated ZnO photocatalysts can be attributed to the existence of Ni2+ doping, Ni0/ZnO heterostructure, and abundant-adsorbed oxygen (as the electronic scavenges), which caused efficient separation of electron–hole pairs in Ni-decorated ZnO photocatalysts. Furthermore, the introduction of metallic Ni also endued ZnO with good magnetic recoverability. The re-collected experiments by external magnetic field indicated that Ni-decorated ZnO as a magnetically recoverable photocatalyst is acceptable.

Keywords

ZnOmagnetic recoverabilityNi-decoratedheterostructure
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 30 , Issue 12 , 28 June 2015 , pp. 1902 - 1913
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Asl, S.K., Sadrnezhaad, S.K., and Kianpourrad, M.: The seeding effect on the microstructure and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nano powders. Mater. Lett. 64(18), 1935–1938 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, C., Shen, L., Zhang, Y.C., and Huang, Q.: Solvothermal synthesis of Cr-doped ZnO nanowires with visible light-driven photocatalytic activity. Mater. Lett. 65(12), 1794–1796 (2011).Google Scholar
Zeng, J.H., Jin, B.B., and Wang, Y.F.: Facet enhanced photocatalytic effect with uniform single-crystalline zinc oxide nanodisks. Chem. Phys. Lett. 472(1–3), 90–95 (2009).Google Scholar
Hariharan, C.: Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water by ZnO nanoparticles: Revisited. Appl. Catal., A 304, 55–61 (2006).Google Scholar
Tong, T., Zhang, J., Tian, B., Chen, F., and He, D.: Preparation of Fe3+-doped TiO2 catalysts by controlled hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide and study on their photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation. J. Hazard. Mater. 155(3), 572–579 (2008).Google Scholar
Brezová, V., Blazková, A., Karpinsky, L., Grosková, J., Havlínová, B., and Jorík, V.: Phenol decomposition using Mn+/TiO2 photocatalysts supported by the sol–gel technique on glass fibres. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 109(2), 177–183 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nahar, M.S., Hasegawa, K., and Kagaya, S.: Photocatalytic degradation of phenol by visible light-responsive iron-doped TiO2 and spontaneous sedimentation of the TiO2 particles. Chemosphere 65(11), 1976–1982 (2006).Google Scholar
Mukherjee, P.S. and Ray, A.K.: Major challenges in the design of a large-scale photocatalytic reactor for water treatment. Chem. Eng. Technol. 22(3), 253–260 (1999).Google Scholar
Arslan, I., Balcioglu, I.A., and Bahnemann, D.W.: Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment of simulated dyehouse effluents using novel TiO2-photocatalysts. Appl. Catal., B 26(3), 193–206 (2000).Google Scholar
Liu, S.Q.: Magnetic semiconductor nano-photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. Environ. Chem. Lett. 10(3), 209–216 (2012).Google Scholar
Kominami, H., Kumamoto, H., Kera, Y., and Ohtani, B.: Immobilization of highly active titanium(IV) oxide particles: A novel strategy of preparation of transparent photocatalytic coatings. Appl. Catal., B 30(3–4), 329–335 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arabatzis, I.M., Antonaraki, S., Stergiopoulos, T., Hiskia, A., Papaconstantinou, E., Bernard, M.C., and Falaras, P.: Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline thin film TiO2 catalysts towards 3,5-dichlorophenol degradation. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 149(1–3), 237–245 (2002).Google Scholar
Jackson, N.B., Wang, C.M., Luo, Z., Schwitzgebel, J., Ekerdt, J.G., Brock, J.R., and Heller, A.: Attachment of TiO2 powders to hollow glass microbeads: Activity of the TiO2-coated beads in the photoassisted oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. J. Electrochem. Soc. 138(12), 3660–3664 (1991).Google Scholar
Bideau, M., Claudel, B., Dubien, C., Faure, L., and Kazouan, H.: On the “immobilization” of titanium dioxide in the photocatalytic oxidation of spent waters. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 91(2), 137–144 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pozzo, R.L., Baltanas, M.A., and Cassano, A.E.: Supported titanium oxide as photocatalyst in water decontamination: State of the art. Catal. Today 39(3), 219–235 (1997).Google Scholar
Horikoshi, S., Watanabe, N., Onishi, H., Hidaka, H., and Serpone, N.: Photodecomposition of a nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactant in a cylindrical photoreactor with TiO2 immobilized fiberglass cloth. Appl. Catal., B 37(2), 117–129 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anpo, M., Shu, G.Z., Mishima, H., Matsuoka, M., and Yamashita, H.: Design of photocatalysts encapsulated within the zeolite framework and cavities for the decomposition of NO into N2 and O2 at normal temperature. Catal. Today 39(3), 159–168 (1997).Google Scholar
Pang, H., Li, Y.C., Guan, L.N., Lu, Q.Y., and Gao, F.: TiO2/Ni nanocomposites: Biocompatible and recyclable magnetic photocatalysts. Catal. Commun. 12(7), 611–615 (2011).Google Scholar
Beydoun, D., Amal, R., Low, G., and McEvoy, S.: Novel Photocatalyst: Titania-coated magnetite. Activity and photodissolution. J. Phys. Chem. B 104(18), 4387–4396 (2000).Google Scholar
Beydoun, D., Amal, R., Scott, J., Low, G., and McEvoy, S.: Studies on the mineralization and separation efficiencies of a magnetic photocatalyst. Chem. Eng. Technol. 24(7), 745–748 (2001).Google Scholar
Beydoun, D. and Amal, R.: Implications of heat treatment on the properties of a magnetic iron oxide–titanium dioxide photocatalyst. Mater. Sci. Eng., B 94(1), 71–81 (2002).Google Scholar
Chen, F., Xie, Y.D., Zhao, J.C., and Lu, G.X.: Photocatalytic degradation of dyes on a magnetically separated photocatalyst under visible and UV irradiation. Chemosphere 44(5), 1159–1168 (2001).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gao, Y., Chen, B.H., Li, H.L., and Ma, Y.X.: Preparation and characterization of a magnetically separated photocatalyst and its catalytic properties. Mater. Chem. Phys. 80(1), 348–355 (2003).Google Scholar
Lee, S., Drwiega, J., Wu, C., Mazyck, D., and Sigmund, W.M.: Anatase TiO2 nanoparticle coating on barium ferrite using titanium bis-ammonium lactato dihydroxide and its use as a magnetic photocatalyst. Chem. Mater. 16(6), 1160–1164 (2004).Google Scholar
Rana, S. and Misra, R.D.K.: The anti-microbial activity of titania-nickel ferrite composite nanoparticles. JOM 57(12), 65–69 (2005).Google Scholar
Fu, W., Yang, H., Chang, L., Li, M., Hari-Bala, , and Zou, G.: Anatase TiO2 nanolayer coating on strontium ferrite nanoparticles for magnetic photocatalyst. Colloids Surf., A 289(1–3), 47–52 (2006).Google Scholar
Fu, W., Yang, H., Li, M., Chang, L., Yu, Q., Xu, J., and Zou, G.: Preparation and photocatalytic characteristics of core-shell structure TiO2/BaFe12O19 nanoparticles. Mater. Lett. 60(21–22), 2723–2727 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, L., Wang, Z., Zhou, L., Shang, M., and Sun, S.: Fe3O4 coupled BiOCl: A highly efficient magnetic photocatalyst. Appl. Catal., B 90(3–4), 458–462 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, X., Liu, S., and Yu, J.: Superparamagnetic γ-Fe2O3@SiO2@TiO2 composite microspheres with superior photocatalytic properties. Appl. Catal., B 104(1–2),12–20 (2011).Google Scholar
Beydoun, D., Amal, R., Low, G., and McEvoy, S.: Occurrence and prevention of photodissolution at the phase junction of magnetite and titanium dioxide. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 180(1–2), 193–200 (2002).Google Scholar
Abramson, S., Srithammavanh, L., Siaugue, J.M., Horner, O., Xu, X., and Cabuil, V.: Nanometric core-shell-shell γ-Fe2O3/SiO2/TiO2 particles. J. Nanopart. Res. 11(2), 459–465 (2009).Google Scholar
Wang, C., Ao, Y., Wang, P., Hou, J., and Qian, J.: A facile method for the preparation of titania-coated magnetic porous silica and its photocatalytic activity under UV or visible light. Colloids Surf., A 360(1–3), 184–189 (2010).Google Scholar
Singh, S., Rama, N., and Ramachandra Rao, M.: Influence of d-d transition bands on electrical resistivity in Ni doped polycrystalline ZnO. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(22), 222111 (2006).Google Scholar
Liu, J., Yu, M., and Zhou, W.: Fabrication of Mn-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor nanostructures by chemical vapor deposition. J. Appl. Phys. 99(8), 08M119 (2006).Google Scholar
Hsu, C., Chang, S., Hung, H., Lin, Y., Huang, C., Tseng, Y., and Chen, I.: Indium-diffused ZnO nanowires synthesized on ITO-buffered Si substrate. Nanotechnology 17(2), 516–519 (2006).Google Scholar
Cheng, B., Xiao, Y., Wu, G., and Zhang, L.: Controlled growth and properties of one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures with Ce as activator/dopant. Adv. Funct. Mater. 14(9), 913–919 (2004).Google Scholar
Pal, U., Garcia-Serrano, J., Casarrubias-Segura, G., Koshizaki, N., Sasaki, T., and Terahuchi, S.: Structure and optical properties of M/ZnO (M=Au, Cu, Pt) nanocomposites. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 81(3), 339–348 (2004).Google Scholar
Xu, C., Cao, L., Su, G., Liu, W., Qu, X., and Yu, Y.: Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of Co-doped ZnO powders. J. Alloys Compd. 497(1–2), 373–376 (2010).Google Scholar
Sun, X.M., Chen, X., Deng, Z.X., and Li, Y.D.: A CTAB-assisted hydrothermal orientation growth of ZnO nanorods. Mater. Chem. Phys. 78(1), 99–104 (2002).Google Scholar
Li, Z.H., Luan, Y.X., Wang, Q.Z., Zhuang, G.S., Qi, Y.X., Wang, Y., and Wang, C.G.: ZnO nanostructure construction on zinc foil: The concept from an ionic liquid precursor aqueous solution. Chem. Commun. 41, 6273–6275 (2009).Google Scholar
Vostrikov, A.A., Fedyaeva, O.N., Shishkin, A.V., and Sokol, M.Ya.: ZnO nanoparticles formation by reactions of bulk Zn with H2O and CO2 at sub- and supercritical conditions: II. Morphology and properties of nanoparticles. J. Supercrit. Fluids 48(2), 161–166 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srivastava, H., Tiwari, P., Srivastava, A.K., Porwal, S., and Deb, S.K.: Water-vapour-assisted growth of ZnO nanowires on a zinc foil and the study of the effect of synthesis parameters. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 26(8), 085030–085038 (2011).Google Scholar
Li, W.J., Shi, E.W., Zhong, W.Z., and Yin, Z.W.: Growth mechanism and growth habit of oxide crystals. J. Cryst. Growth 203(1–2), 186–196 (1999).Google Scholar
Wang, B.G., Shi, E.W., and Zhong, W.Z.: Understanding and controlling the morphology of ZnO crystallites under hydrothermal conditions. Cryst. Res. Technol. 32(5), 659–667 (1997).Google Scholar
Fomenko, V.S.: Emission Properties of Materials: Handbook, 4th ed. (in Russian), (Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1981).Google Scholar
Prieto, P., Nistor, V., Nouneh, K., Oyama, M., Abd-Lefdil, M., and Díaz, R.: XPS study of silver, nickel and bimetallic silver–nickel nanoparticles prepared by seed-mediated growth. Appl. Surf. Sci. 258(22), 8807–8813 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, M.W. and Smart, R.St.C.: The defect structure of nickel oxide surfaces as revealed by photoelectron spectroscopy. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 80(11), 2957–2968 (1984).Google Scholar
Moulder, J.F., Stickle, W.F., Sobol, P.E., and Bomben, K.D.: Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer, Eden Prairie, 1992); pp. 84–85.Google Scholar
Yu, G.H., Zeng, L.R., W.Zhu, F., L.Chai, C., and Lai, W.Y.: Magnetic properties and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of NiO/NiFe films prepared by magnetron sputtering. J. Appl. Phys. 90(8), 4039–4043 (2001).Google Scholar
Yin, Z.G., Chen, N.F., Yang, F., Song, S.L., Chai, C.L., Zhong, J., Qian, H.J., and Ibrahim, K.: Structural, magnetic properties and photoemission study of Ni-doped ZnO. Solid State Commun. 135(7), 430–433 (2005).Google Scholar
Carley, A.F., Jackson, S.D., O’Shea, J.N., and Roberts, M.W.: The formation and characterisation of Ni3+– an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of potassium-doped Ni(110)–O. Surf. Sci. 440(3), 868–874 (1999).Google Scholar
Moroney, L.M., Smart, R.St.C., and Roberts, M.W.: Studies of the thermal decomposition of β-NiO(OH) and nickel peroxide by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 I79(8), 1769–1778 (1983).Google Scholar
Iqbal, J., Wang, B.Q., Liu, X.F., Yu, D.P., He, B., and Yu, R.H.: Oxygen-vacancy-induced green emission and room-temperature ferromagnetism in Ni-doped ZnO nanorods. New J. Phys. 11(6), 063009 (2009).Google Scholar
Jiang, J., Wang, X.T., Zhu, L.P., Zhang, L.Q., Yang, Z.G., and Ye, Z.Z.: Electrical and magnetic properties of ZnNiO thin films deposited by pulse laser deposition. J. Zhejiang Univ., Sci., A (Appl. Phys. Eng.) 12(7), 561–566 (2011).Google Scholar
Dar, T.A., Agrawal, A., and Sen, P.: Pulsed laser deposited nickel doped zinc oxide thin Films: Structural and optical investigations. J. Nano- Electron. Phys. 5(2), 02024 (2013).Google Scholar
Marta, I.L.: Heterogeneous photocatalysis: Transition metal ions in photocatalytic systems. Appl. Catal., B 23(2–3), 89–114 (1999).Google Scholar
Fujishima, A., N.Rao, T., and Tryk, D.A.: Titanium dioxide photocatalysis. J. Photochem. Photobiol., C 1(1), 1–21 (2000).Google Scholar
Jing, L.Q., Wang, B.Q., Xin, B.F., Li, S.D., Shi, K.Y., Cai, W.M., and Fu, H.G.: Investigations on the surface modification of ZnO nanoparticle photocatalyst by depositing Pd. J. Solid State Chem. 177(11), 4221–4227 (2004).Google Scholar
Kim, H.G., Borse, P.H., Choi, W., and Lee, J.S.: Photocatalytic nanodiodes for visible-light photocatalysis. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 44(29), 4585–4589 (2005).Google Scholar
Donkova, B., Dimitrov, D., Kostadinov, M., Mitkova, E., and Mehandjiev, D.: Catalytic and photocatalytic activity of lightly doped catalysts M: ZnO (M=Cu, Mn). Mater. Chem. Phys. 123(2–3), 563–568 (2010).Google Scholar
Kanai, Y.: Admittance spectroscopy of Cu-doped ZnO crystals. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30(4R), 703–707 (1991).Google Scholar
Ma, H.C., Teng, K., Fu, Y.H., Song, Y., Wang, Y.W., and Dong, X.L.: Synthesis of visible-light responsive Sn-SnO2/C photocatalyst by simple carbothermal reduction. Energy Environ. Sci. 4(8), 3067–3074 (2011).Google Scholar
Linsebigler, A.L., Lu, G.Q., and Yates, J.T.: Photocatalysis on TiO2 Surfaces: Principles, mechanisms, and selected results. Chem. Rev. 95(3), 735–758 (1995).Google Scholar
Li, X.Z. and Li, F.B.: Study of Au/Au3+-TiO2 photocatalysts toward visible photooxidation for water and wastewater treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35(11), 2381–2387 (2001).Google Scholar
Khalid, M., Ziese, M., Setzer, A., Esquinazi, P., Lorenz, M., Hochmuth, H., Grundmann, M., Spemann, D., Butz, T., Brauer, G., Anwand, W., Fischer, G., Adeagbo, W.A., Hergert, W., and Ernst, A.: Defect-induced magnetic order in pure ZnO films. Phys. Rev. B 80(3), 035331 (2009).Google Scholar
Wang, Q., Sun, Q., Chen, G., Kawazoe, Y., and Jena, P.: Vacancy-induced magnetism in ZnO thin films and nanowires. Phys. Rev. B 77(20), 205411 (2008).Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Yang supplementary material

Yang supplementary material 1

Download Yang supplementary material(File)
File 245.5 KB