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Influence of high-temperature treatment of granular activated carbon on its structure and electrochemical behavior in aqueous electrolyte solution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Stanisław Biniak ,
Maciej Pakuła ,
Andrzej Świątkowski ,
Michał Bystrzejewski  and
Stanisław Błażewicz
Stanisław Biniak*
Affiliation:
Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
Maciej Pakuła
Affiliation:
Naval University of Gdynia, 81-103 Gdynia, Poland
Andrzej Świątkowski
Affiliation:
Military University of Technology, 00−908 Warsaw, Poland
Michał Bystrzejewski
Affiliation:
Warsaw University, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
Stanisław Błażewicz
Affiliation:
University of Mining and Metallurgy, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: sbiniak@chem.uni.torun.pl
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Abstract

Activated carbon Norit R3-ex (demineralized) was annealed at various temperatures (950–2700 °C) in an argon atmosphere. The changes of the porosity of the products were characterized on the basis of N2 adsorption isotherms (at 77 K). The texture of the samples was investigated by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of surface oxygen (Fourier transform infrared) and its content in the surface layer (from energy dispersive spectroscopy) were determined. The electrical resistivity of powdered samples was measured. Cyclovoltammetry of carbon (powdered electrodes) were carried out and the electrical double-layer capacitances were estimated from the cyclic voltammetry curves. Heat treatment increased the degree of crystallization of the samples, which was correlated with changes in their conductivity. A rapid drop in porosity (at 1800–2100 °C) took place in parallel with a decrease in the electrical double layer capacity. The presence of surface oxygen as a result of oxygen chemisorption on freshly annealed carbon samples was confirmed using several methods.

Keywords

AnnealingCSurface chemistry
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 25 , Issue 8: Materials for Electrical Energy Storage , August 2010 , pp. 1617 - 1628
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

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