Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T22:34:41.606Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of precipitates on the magnetic properties of Fe–Cr–Mo alloys studied by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2017

Kleyton J. Camelo ,
Francisco C. Oliveira Junior ,
Manoel R. da Silva  and
Igor F. Vasconcelos
Kleyton J. Camelo*
Affiliation:
Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
Francisco C. Oliveira Junior
Affiliation:
Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
Manoel R. da Silva
Affiliation:
Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil
Igor F. Vasconcelos
Affiliation:
Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: jkfisica@gmail.com
Get access

Abstract

X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry were used to study the influence of precipitates on the magnetic properties of aged Fe–Cr–Mo alloys. XRD patterns and Mössbauer spectra showed that the alloys have body-centered cubic structure similar to that of α-Fe. Small amounts of precipitates were also identified with relative fraction found to be related to Mo content, aging times, and temperatures. Magnetic measurements showed that the increase in the density of precipitates contributes significantly to the increase in the magnetic hardness of the material. This mechanism is related to a process of pinning of magnetic domain walls. It was also found that saturation magnetization is affected by the Mo content in the alloy. The techniques used in this work were shown to be very useful to understand the mechanisms through which the formation of precipitates affects the magnetic properties of the alloys and may be used as complement to the usual microscopy-based techniques for this purpose.

Keywords

magnetic propertiesmicrostructureMössbauer effect
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 32 , Issue 7 , 14 April 2017 , pp. 1316 - 1323
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Michael E. McHenry

References

REFERENCES

Greeff, A.P., Louw, C.W., and Swart, H.C.: The oxidation of industrial FeCrMo steel. Corros. Sci. 42(10), 1725 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klueh, R.L.: Chromium-molybdenum steels for fusion reactor first walls—A review. Nucl. Eng. Des. 72(3), 329 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jayan, V., Khan, M.Y., and Husain, M.: Coarsening of nanosized carbide particles in 2.25Cr–1Mo power plant steel after extended service. Mater. Lett. 58(21), 2569 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohapatra, J.N., Panda, A.K., and Mitra, A.: Magnetic properties evaluation of ageing behaviour in water-quenched 5Cr–0.5Mo steel. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42(9), 095006 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ElMassalami, M., de Sousa, I.P., Areiza, M.C.L., Rabello, J.M.A., and Elzubair, A.: On the magnetic anisotropy of superduplex stainless steel. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 323(18–19), 2403 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, M.J., Park, S.H., and Lee, D.B.: Corrosion of Fe–2.25% Cr–1% Mo steels at 600 °C–800 °C in N2/H2O/H2S atmospheres. Energy Procedia 14, 1837 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, X.Q., Jing, H.M., Zheng, Y.G., Yao, Z.M., and Ke, W.: Resistance of Mo-bearing stainless steels and Mo-bearing stainless-steel coating to naphthenic acid corrosion and erosion-corrosion. Corros. Sci. 46(4), 1013 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuzmann, E., Bene, E., Domonkos, L., Hegedus, Z., Nagy, S., and Vertes, A.: Structure investigation and phase analysis of Fe–Cr carbides. J. Phys. 37(23), 409 (1976).Google Scholar
Vardavoulias, M. and Papadimitrou, G.: Mössbauer spectra and hyperfine parameters of iron–chromium carbides in ferritic stainless steel. Phys. Status Solidi A 134(1), 183 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaaf, P., Kramer, A., Wiesen, S., and Gonser, U.: Mössbauer study of iron carbides: Mixed carbides M7C3 and M23C6 . Acta Metall. Mater. 42(9), 3077 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cieślak, J., Reissner, M., Steiner, W., and Dubiel, S.M.: On the magnetism of the σ-phase FeCr alloys. Phys. Status Solidi A 205(8), 1794 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cieślak, J., Dubiel, S.M., and Reissner, M.: Magnetism of σ-phase FeMo alloys: Its characterization by magnetometry and Mössbauer spectrometry. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 401(1), 751 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cieślak, J., Przewoznik, J., and Dubiel, S.M.: Structural and electronic properties of the μ-phase FeMo compounds. J. Alloys Compd. 612(5), 465 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimball, C.W., Phillips, W.C., Nevitt, M.V., and Preston, R.S.: Magnetic hyperfine interactions and electric quadrupolar coupling in alloys of iron with the alpha-manganese structure. Phys. Rev. 146(2), 375 (1966).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byeon, J.W. and Kwun, S.I.: Magnetic nondestructive evaluation of thermally degraded 2.25Cr–1Mo steel. Mater. Lett. 58(1–2), 94 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moorthy, V., Vaidyanathan, S., Raj, B., Jayakumar, T., and Kashyap, B.P.: Insight into the microstructural characterization of ferritic steels using micromagnetic parameters. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 31(4), 1053 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohapatra, J., Panda, A.K., Gunjan, M., Bandyopadhyay, N.R., Mitra, A., and Ghosh, R.N.: Ageing behavior study of 5Cr–0.5Mo steel by magnetic Barkhausen emissions and magnetic hysteresis loop techniques. NDT&E Int. 40(2), 173 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomes da Silva, M.J., Herculano, L.F.G., Urcezino, A.S.Z., Araújo, W.S., de Abreu, H.F.G., and de Lima Neto, P.: Influence of Mo content on the phase evolution and corrosion behavior of model Fe9Cr x Mo (x = 5, 7, and 9 wt%) alloys. J. Mater. Res. 30(12), 1999 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcus, H.L. and Schwartz, L.H.: Mössbauer spectra of FeMo alloys. Phys. Rev. 162(2), 259 (1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasconcelos, I.F., Tavares, S.S.M., Reis, F.E.U., and Abreu, H.F.G.: Ageing effects on α’ precipitation and resistance to corrosion of a novel Cr–Mo stainless steel with high Mo content. J. Mater. Sci. 44(1), 293 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiles, D.C. and Atherton, D.L.: Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 61(1–2), 48 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiles, D.C. and Atherton, D.L.: Theory of the magnetisation process in ferromagnetism and its application to the magnetomechanical effect. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 17(6), 1265 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertotti, G.: Hysteresis in Magnetism: For Physicists, Materials Scientists, and Engineers (Academic Press, San Diego, California, EUA, 1998).Google Scholar