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Influence of simultaneous addition of carbon nanotubes and calcium phosphate on wear resistance of 3D-printed Ti6Al4V

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2018

Kevin Stenberg ,
Stanley Dittrick ,
Susmita Bose  and
Amit Bandyopadhyay Open the ORCID record for Amit Bandyopadhyay [Opens in a new window]
Kevin Stenberg
Affiliation:
W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, USA
Stanley Dittrick
Affiliation:
W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, USA
Susmita Bose
Affiliation:
W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, USA
Amit Bandyopadhyay*
Affiliation:
W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: amitband@wsu.edu
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Abstract

Seeking to improve the wear resistance of the Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloy for biomedical applications, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics were added to Ti64 powder and successfully 3D-printed using a commercial laser engineered net shaping (LENS™) system. It was hypothesized that CNTs would allow for in situ carbide formation during laser processing, resulting in increased surface hardness. It was also hypothesized that CaPs would allow for protective tribofilm formation during wear, reducing material loss from wear-induced damage. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal defect-free microstructures with fine carbides evenly distributed, while X-ray diffraction confirms the presence of carbides without additional unwanted intermetallic phases. Vickers microhardness shows an increase in surface hardness in coatings containing both CNTs and CaPs. In vitro tribological studies found reduced coefficient of friction, reduced wear rates, and reduced metal ion-release concentrations in coatings containing both CNTs and CaPs. This study demonstrates the efficacy of CNTs and CaPs to improve wear resistance of Ti64 for potential applications in articulating surfaces of load-bearing implants.

Keywords

Ti6Al4VLENSwear resistance3D printingCNTcalcium phosphate
Type
Invited Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 14: Focus Issue: 3D Printing of Biomaterials , 27 July 2018 , pp. 2077 - 2086
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

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Footnotes

b)

This author was an editor of this journal during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs.org/editor-manuscripts/.

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