Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-30T19:24:03.140Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Laser alloying of Cu and Cr

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

J.F.M. Westendorp ,
W. Koelewijn ,
W.G.J.H.M. van Sark ,
F.W. Saris ,
N.M. van der Pers  and
Th.H. de Keijser
J.F.M. Westendorp
Affiliation:
FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
W. Koelewijn
Affiliation:
FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
W.G.J.H.M. van Sark
Affiliation:
FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
F.W. Saris
Affiliation:
FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
N.M. van der Pers
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Metallurgy, Delft University of Technology, Rotterdamseweg 137, 2628 AL, Delft, The Netherlands
Th.H. de Keijser
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Metallurgy, Delft University of Technology, Rotterdamseweg 137, 2628 AL, Delft, The Netherlands
Get access

Abstract

CuCr multilayers, 0.5−1 /um total thickness, on Cu substrates have been laser irradiated. Threshold energy densities for complete alloying with different laser wavelengths and different multilayer structures were determined using Rutherford backscattering. Results are discussed in terms of absorbance of Cu and Cr as a function of laser wavelength, overall chemical composition, and thicknesses of the individual Cu and Cr layers. Also, x-ray diffraction was used to study the microstructure of the CuCr before and after laser irradiation. A method is outlined for unraveling the contributions to peak shift of stacking faults, stresses, and change in'chemical composition. The CuCr alloy produced by the laser irradiation consisted of small, very defective Cu-rich and Cr-rich crystallites. The CuCr layer was subjected to a high tensile stress. The distinct change in preferred orientation of crystallites on laser irradiation indicated a complete melting of the CuCr multilayer. A high tensile strength (> 935 MPa) of the CuCr before and after laser alloying is suggested by the microstructure as observed by x-ray diffraction and sustained by hardness measurements. In the Cu-rich crystals 4.0 at. % Cr was in solid solution, i.e., five times the maximum equilibrium solid solubility.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 1 , Issue 5 , October 1986 , pp. 652 - 660
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Hansen, M., Constitution of Binary Alloys (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958), 2nd ed.Google Scholar
2Hamman, J. F., Siemens Forsch. Entwicklungsber. 9, 210 (1980).Google Scholar
3Falkenhagen, G. and Hofmann, W., Z. Metallkd. 43, 69 (1952).Google Scholar
4Dirks, A. G. and Broek, J. J. van den, in the Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings, Los Angeles, April 1985 (to be published).Google Scholar
5Draper, C. W., Jacobson, D. C., Gibson, J. M., Poate, J. M., Vandenberg, J. M., and Cullis, A. G., in Laser and Electron Beam Interactions with Solids, edited by Appleton, B. R. and Cellar, G. K. (North-Holland, New York, 1982), p. 413.Google Scholar
6Ehrenreich, H. and Philipp, H. R., Phys. Rev. 128, 1622 (1962).Google Scholar
7Rimini, E., in Surface Modification and Alloying by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, edited by Poate, J. M., Foti, G., and Jacobson, D. C. (Plenum, New York, 1983), Chap. 2.Google Scholar
8Draper, C. W. and Poate, J. M., in Ref. 7, Chap. 13.Google Scholar
9Cullis, A. G., Webber, H. C., and Bailey, P., J. Phys. E12, 688 (1979).Google Scholar
10Delhez, R., Mittemeijer, E. J., Keijser, Th. H. de, and Rozendaal, H. C. F., J. Phys. E 10, 784 (1977).Google Scholar
11Delhez, R. and Mittemeijer, E. J., J. Appl. Crystallogr. 8, 609 (1975).Google Scholar
12Cohen, J. B., Dölle, H., and James, M. R., in National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 567, edited by Block, S. and Hubbard, C. R. (National Burea of Standards, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 453–477.Google Scholar
13Hauk, V. M. and Macherauch, E., Adv. X-Ray Anal. 27, 81 (1983).Google Scholar
14Warren, B. E., X-ray Diffraction (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA 1969).Google Scholar
15Wagner, C. N. J. in Local Atomic Arrangements Studied by X-ray Diffraction, edited by Cohen, J. B. and Hilliard, J. E. (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1966).Google Scholar
16Johnson, P. B. and Christy, R. W., Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370 (1972).Google Scholar
17Johnson, P. B. and Christy, R. W., Phys. Rev. B 9, 5056 (1974).Google Scholar
18Delhez, R., Keijser, Th. H. de, and Mittemeijer, E. J., Fresenius Z. Anal. Chemie. 312, 1 (1982).Google Scholar
19Bollenrath, F., Hauk, V., and Müller, E. H., Z. Metallkd. 58, 76 (1967).Google Scholar
20Metals Handbook, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Pure Metals (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1979), Vol. 2.Google Scholar