Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T00:49:57.525Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Low-temperature performance of electrochemical capacitors using acetonitrile/methyl formate electrolytes and activated carbon fabric electrodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2020

Erik J. Brandon ,
Marshall C. Smart  and
William C. West
Erik J. Brandon*
Affiliation:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
Marshall C. Smart
Affiliation:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
William C. West
Affiliation:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: erik.j.brandon@jpl.nasa.gov
Get access

Abstract

Electrochemical capacitors featuring a modified acetonitrile (AN) electrolyte and a binder-free, activated carbon fabric electrode material were assembled and tested at <−40 °C. The melting point of the electrolyte was depressed relative to the standard pure AN solvent through the use of a methyl formate cosolvent, to enable operation at temperatures lower than the rated limit of typical commercial cells (−40 °C). Based on earlier electrolyte formulation studies, a 1:1 ratio of methyl formate to AN (by volume) was selected, to maximize freezing point depression while maintaining a sufficient salt solubility. The salt spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate was used, based on its improved conductivity at low temperatures, relative to linear alkyl ammonium salts. The carbon fabric electrode supported a relatively high rate capability at temperatures as low as −65 °C with a modest increase in cell resistance at this reduced temperature. The capacitance was only weakly dependent on temperature, with a specific capacitance of ∼110 F/g.

Keywords

energy storagecalorimetrycarbon
Type
Invited Paper
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , 28 January 2020 , pp. 113 - 121
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Miller, J.R.: Market and applications of electrochemical capacitors in supercapacitors. In Materials, Systems and Applications, Beguin, F. and Frackowiak, E., eds. (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2013); pp. 509–527.Google ScholarPubMed
Conway, B.E.: Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications (Kluwar, New York, 1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, S.W., Holland, D.M., Zagorodnov, V., Stern, A.A., Sladek, C., Kobs, S., White, S., Suarez, F., and Bryenton, J.: Using distributed temperature sensors to monitor an Antarctic ice shelf and sub-ice-shelf cavity. J. Glaciol. 59, 583 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chin, K.B., Green, N.W., and Brandon, E.J.: Evaluation of supercapacitors for space applications under thermal vacuum conditions. J. Power Sources 379, 155 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chin, K.B., Brandon, E.J., Bugga, R.V., Smart, M.C., Jones, S.C., Krause, F.C., West, W.C., and Bolotin, G.G.: Energy storage technologies for small satellite applications. Proc. IEEE 106, 419 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farhadi, M. and Mohammad, O.: Energy storage technologies for high-power applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 52, 1952 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeon, J.Y., Jung, H.K., Park, G., Ha, J., and Park, C.Y.: Active-sensing based damage monitoring of airplane wings under low-temperature and continuous loading condition. J. Korean Soc. Nondestructive Test. 36, 345 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, G., Rosing, T., and Todd, M.D.: Energy harvesting for structural health monitoring sensor networks. J. Infrastruct. Syst. 14, 64 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, W.H. and Tatarchuck, B.: Characterization of asymmetric ultracapacitors as hybrid pulse power devices for efficient energy storage and power delivery applications. J. Fundam. Renew. Energy Appl. 169, 460 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, C-Y., Zhang, G., Ge, S., Xu, T., Ji, Y., Yang, X-G., and Leng, Y.: Lithium-ion battery structure that self-heats at low temperatures. Nature 529, 515 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santucci, A., Sorniotti, A., and Lekakou, C.: Power split strategies for hybrid energy storage systems for vehicular applications. J. Power Sources 258, 395 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Q., Lu, D., Zheng, J., Jiao, S., Luo, L., Wang, C-M., Xu, K., Zhang, J-G., and Xu, W.: Li+-desolvation dictating lithium-ion battery's low-temperature performances. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 42761 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jow, T.R., Delp, S.A., Allen, J.L., Jones, J-P., and Smart, M.C.: Factors limiting Li+ charge transfer kinetics in Li-ion batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 165, A361 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janes, A. and Lust, E.: Use of organic esters as co-solvents for electrical double layer capacitors with low temperature performance. J. Electroanal. Chem. 588, 285 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandon, E.J., West, W.C., Smart, M.C., Whitcanack, L.D., and Plett, G.A.: Extending the low temperature operational limit of double-layer capacitors. J. Power Sources 170, 225 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, W.C., Smart, M.C., Brandon, E.J., Whitcanack, L.D., and Plett, G.A.: Double-layer capacitor electrolytes using 1,3-dioxolane for low temperature operation. J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, A716 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korenblit, Y., Kajdos, A., West, W.C., Smart, M.C., Brandon, E.J., Kvit, A., Jagiello, J., and Yushin, G.: In situ studies of ion transport in microporous supercapacitor electrodes at ultralow temperatures. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 1655 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwama, E., Taberna, P.L., Azais, P., Bregon, L., and Simon, P.: Characterization of commercial supercapacitors for low temperature applications. J. Power Sources 219, 235 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, R., Faure-Vincent, J., Iliev, B., Schubert, T., and Aradilla, D.: A new high performance ionic liquid mixture electrolyte for large temperature range supercapacitor applications (−70 °C to 80 °C) operating at 3.5 V cell voltage. Electrochim. Acta 267, 15 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lide, D.R., ed.: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 87th ed. (CRC Press, Cleveland, 2006).Google Scholar
Ue, M., Ida, K., and Mori, S.: Electrochemical properties of organic liquid electrolytes based on quaternary onium salts for electrical double layer capacitors. J. Electrochem. Soc. 141, 2989 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiba, K., Ueda, T., and Yamamoto, H.: Performance of electrolyte composed of spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt and electric double-layer capacitor using it. Electrochem 75, 664 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiba, K., Ueda, T., and Yamamoto, H.: Highly conductive electrolyte solution for electric double-layer capacitor using dimethylcarbonate and spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt. Electrochem 75, 668 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nono, Y., Kouzu, M., Takei, K., Chiba, K., and Sato, Y.: EDLC performance of various activated carbons in spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt electrolyte solutions. Electrochem 78, 336 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perricone, E., Chamas, M., Lepretre, J-C., Judeinstein, P., Azais, P., Raymundo-Pinero, E., Beguin, F., and Alloin, F.: Safe and performant electrolytes for supercapacitor. Investigation of ester/carbonate mixtures. J. Power Sources 239, 217 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, X., Ruan, D., Wu, C., Wang, J., and Shi, Z.: Spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate salt as high voltage electrolyte for double layer capacitors. J. Power Sources 265, 309 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rustomji, C.S., Yang, Y., Kim, T.K., Mac, J., Kim, Y.J., Caldwell, E., Chung, H., and Meng, Y.S.: Liquified gas electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage devices. Science 356, 1351 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbas, Q., Pajark, D., Fracowiak, E., and Beguin, F.: Effect of binder on the performance of carbon/carbon symmetric capacitors in salt aqueous electrolyte. Electrochim. Acta 140, 132 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, J.F., Wong, E.L., and Hubbard, C.W.: Evaluation of commercially available carbon fibers, fabrics, and papers for potential use in multifunctional energy storage applications. J. Electrochem. Soc. 156, A215 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ding, M.S., Xu, K., Zheng, J.P., and Jow, T.R.: γ-Butyrolactone-acetonitrile solution of triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate as an electrolyte for double-layer capacitors. J. Power Sources 138, 340 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ding, M.S., Xu, K., and Jow, T.R.: Phase diagram of EC–DMC binary system and enthalpic determination of its eutectic composition. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 62, 177 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hohne, G.W.H., Hemminger, W.F., and Flammersheim, H-J.: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Springer, New York, 2003); pp. 230–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metler-Toledo, T.E.: Application note: Two-component phase diagram and the determination of the eutectic composition of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and benzoic acid.Google Scholar
Jenkins, H.D.B, Roobottom, H.K., Passmore, J., and Glasser, L.: Relationships among ionic lattice energies, molecular (formula unit) volumes and thermochemical radii. Inorg. Chem. 38, 3609 (1999).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barbieri, O., Hahn, M., Herzog, A., and Kotz, R.: Capacitance limits of high surface area activated carbons for double layer capacitors. Carbon 43, 1303 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsai, W-Y., Lin, R., Murali, S., Zhang, L.L., McDonough, J.K., Ruoff, R.S., Taberna, P-S., Gogotsi, Y., and Simon, P.: Outstanding performance of activated graphene based supercapacitors in ioinic liquid electrolyte from −50 to 80 °C. Nano Energy. 2, 403 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, J., Qi, L., and Wang, H.: Anti-freezing aqueous electrolytes for double-layer capacitors. Electrochim. Acta 88, 208 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kotz, R., Hahn, M., and Gallay, R.: Temperature behavior and impedance fundamentals of supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 154, 550 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arulepp, M., Permann, L., Leis, J., Perkson, A., Rumma, K., Janes, A., and Lust, E.: Influence of the solvent properties on the characteristics of a double layer capacitor. J. Power Sources 133, 320 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, Z., Yu, X., Wang, J., Hu, H., and Wu, C.: Excellent low temperature performance electrolyte of spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate by tunable mixtures solvents for electric double layer capacitor. Electrochim. Acta 174, 215 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar