Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T07:50:18.872Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microstructural characterization of cyclic deformation behavior of metastable austenitic stainless steel AISI 347 with different surface morphology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2017

Marek Smaga ,
Robert Skorupski ,
Dietmar Eifler  and
Tilmann Beck
Marek Smaga*
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany
Robert Skorupski
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany
Dietmar Eifler
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany
Tilmann Beck
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: smaga@mv.uni-kl.de
Get access

Abstract

In the present work, specimens of the metastable austenitic stainless steel AISI 347 with different surface morphologies were investigated in stress-controlled fatigue tests in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) regime at ambient temperature. Specific surface morphologies were generated by cryogenic turning with CO2 snow cooling. As a result of the metastable austenite microstructure, phase changes from paramagnetic austenite to ferromagnetic martensite take place in the near-surface regime during cryogenic turning as well as in the whole specimen volume during monotonic and/or cyclic elastic–plastic deformation. The metastability of AISI 347 was characterized according to the M S-temperature determined from the chemical composition and by X-ray diffraction measurements with in situ cooling. Microhardness and strength of both phases were measured. Near-surface microstructure was analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy after focused ion beam preparation. Besides a partially martensitic surface layer, a thin nanocrystalline layer, both induced by cryogenic turning, was observed. In case of cyclic loading, the martensitic surface layer leads to a reduction of plastic strain amplitude as well as a retardation of crack initiation and consequently to an increase in fatigue life.

Keywords

fatiguephase transformationmicrostructure
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 32 , Issue 23: Focus Issue: Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Advanced Metallic Alloys—in Honor of Prof. Haël Mughrabi PART A , 14 December 2017 , pp. 4452 - 4460
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Mathias Göken

References

REFERENCES

Leuk Lai, J.K., Lo, K.H., and Shek, C.H.: Stainless Steels: An Introduction and Their Recent Developments (Bentham Science Publishers, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, 2012).Google Scholar
Marshall, P.: Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties (Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd, London and New York, 1984).Google Scholar
Martin, S., Wolf, S., Martin, U., Kruger, L., and Rafaja, D.: Deformation mechanisms in austenitic TRIP/TWIP steel as a function of temperature. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 47, 49 (2016).Google Scholar
Ackermann, S., Martin, S., Schwarz, M.R., Schimpf, C., Kulawinski, D., Lathe, C., Henkel, S., Rafaja, D., Biermann, H., and Weidner, A.: Investigation of phase transformations in high-alloy austenitic TRIP steel under high pressure (up to 18 GPa) by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 47, 95 (2016).Google Scholar
Smaga, M., Walther, F., and Eifler, D.: Deformation-induced martensitic transformation in metastable austenitic steels. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 483–484, 394 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Man, J., Smaga, M., Kubena, I., Eifler, D., and Polák, J.: Effect of metallurgical variables on the austenite stability in fatigued AISI 304 type steels. Eng. Fract. Mech. (2017), in press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.04.041.Google Scholar
Smaga, M. and Eifler, D.: Fatigue life caclulation of metastable austenitic stainless steels on the basis of magnetic measurements. Mater. Test. 51, 370 (2009).Google Scholar
Hahnenberger, F., Smaga, M., and Eifler, D.: Microstructural investigation of the fatigue behavior and phase transformation in metastable austenitic steels at ambient and lower temperatures. Int. J. Fatigue 69, 36 (2014).Google Scholar
Man, J., Kubena, I., Smaga, M., Man, O., Jaevenpaa, A., Weidner, A., Chlup, Z., and Polak, J.: Microstructural changes during deformation of AISI 300 grade austenitic stainless steels: Impact of chemical heterogeneity. Proc. Struct. Integr. 2, 2299 (2016).Google Scholar
Lo, K.H., Shek, C.H., and Lai, J.K.L.: Recent developments in stainless steels. Mater. Sci. Eng., R 65, 39 (2009).Google Scholar
Mughrabi, H.: Cyclic slip irreversibilities and the evolution of fatigue damage. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 40, 1258 (2009).Google Scholar
Man, J. and Polák, J.: Mechanisms of extrusion and intrusion formation in fatigued crystalline materials. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 596, 15 (2014).Google Scholar
Ye, C., Suslov, S., Lin, D., and Cheng, G.J.: Deformation-induced martensite and nanotwins by cryogenic laser shock peening of AISI 304 stainless steel and the effects on mechanical properties. Philos. Mag. 92, 1369 (2012).Google Scholar
Zhang, H.W., Hei, Z.K., Liu, G., Lu, J., and Lu, K.: Formation of nanostructured surface layer on AISI 304 stainless steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment. Acta Mater. 51, 71 (2003).Google Scholar
Meyer, D.: Cryogenic deep rolling—An energy based approach for enhanced cold surface hardening. CIRP Ann. 61, 543 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aurich, J.C., Mayer, P., Kirsch, B., Eifler, D., Smaga, M., and Skorupski, R.: Characterization of deformation induced surface hardening during cryogenic turning of AISI 347. CIRP Ann. 63, 65 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, P., Kirsch, B., and Aurich, J.C.: Investigations on cryogenic turning to achieve surface hardening of metastable austenitic steel AISI 347. Adv. Mater. Res. 1018, 153 (2014).Google Scholar
Mayer, P., Skorupski, R., Smaga, M., Eifler, D., and Aurich, J.C.: Deformation induced surface hardening when turning metastable austenitic steel AISI 347 with different cryogenic cooling strategies. Proc. CIRP 14, 101 (2014).Google Scholar
Martin, S., Fabrichnaya, O., and Rafaja, D.: Prediction of the local deformation mechanisms in metastable austenitic steels from the local concentration of the main alloying elements. Mater. Lett. 159, 484 (2015).Google Scholar
Becker, H., Brandis, H., and Küppers, W.: Zur Verfestigung instabil austenitischer nichtrostender Stähle und ihre Auswirkung auf das Umformverhalten von Feinblechen. Thyssen Edelstahl Tech. Ber. 12, 35 (1986).Google Scholar
Eichelmann, G.H. and Hull, F.C.: The effect of composition on the temperature of spontaneous transformation of austenite to martensite in 18-8 type stainless steel. Trans. ASM 45, 77 (1953).Google Scholar
Angel, T.: Formation of martensite in austenitic stainless steels—Effects of deformation, temperature, and composition. J. Iron Steel Inst. 177, 165 (1954).Google Scholar
Talonen, J., Aspegren, P., and Hänninen, P.: Comparison of different methods for measuring strain induced α-martensite content in austenitic steels. Mater. Sci. Technol. 20, 1506 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bish, D.L. and Howard, S.A.: Quantitative phase analysis using the rietveld method. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 21, 86 (1988).Google Scholar
Basa, A., Thaulow, C., and Barnoush, A.: Chemically induced phase transformation in austenite by focused ion beam. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45, 1189 (2014).Google Scholar
Skorupski, R.: Einfluss der oberflächennahen Martensitbildung auf das LCF- und HCF-Ermüdungsverhalten sowie die Verschleißfestigkeit des metastabilen austenitischen Stahls X6CrNiNb1810. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, TU, Kaiserslautern, 2017.Google Scholar
Smaga, M., Skorupski, R., Boemke, A., Mayer, P., Kirsch, B., Aurich, J.C., Raid, I., Seewig, J., Man, J., Eifler, D., and Beck, T.: Influences of surface morphology of fatigue behavior of metastable austenitic stainless steel AISI 347 at ambient temperature and 300 °C. Structural Integrity Procedia, 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI (2017), in press.Google Scholar
Kumagai, M., Akita, K., Itano, Y., Imafuku, M., and Ohya, S.I.: X-ray diffraction study on microstructures of shot/laser-peened AISI316 stainless steel. J. Nucl. Mater. 443, 107 (2013).Google Scholar
Nikitin, I., Scholtes, B., Maier, H.J., and Altenberger, I.: High temperature fatigue behavior and residual stress stability of laser-shock peened and deep rolled austenitic steel AISI 304. Scr. Mater. 50, 1345 (2004).Google Scholar
Trško, L., Bokůvka, O., Nový, F., and Guagliano, M.: Effect of severe shot peening on ultra-high-cycle fatigue of a low alloy steel. Mater. Des. 57, 103 (2014).Google Scholar
Altenberger, I., Scholtes, B., Martin, U., and Oettel, H.: Cyclic deformation and near surface microstructures of shot peened or deep rolled austenitic stainless steel AISI 304. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 264, 1 (1999).Google Scholar
Bassler, H.J. and Eifler, D.: Cyclic deformation behaviour and plasticity-induced martensite formation of the austenitic steel X6CrNiTi1810. Fatigue 99(1), 205 (1999).Google Scholar
Sorich, A., Smaga, M., and Eifler, D.: Influence of cyclic deformation induced phase transformation on the fatigue behavior of the austenitic steel X6CrNiNb1810. Adv. Mater. Res. 891–892, 1231 (2014).Google Scholar
Bayerlein, M., Christ, H-J., and Mughrabi, H.: Plasticity-induced martensitic transformation during cyclic deformation of AISI 304L stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 114, L11 (1989).Google Scholar
Skorupski, R., Smaga, M., and Eifler, D.: Low cycle fatigue behavior of AISI 347 with varied surface morphology. Proc. LCF7 39 (2013).Google Scholar