Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-02T22:36:47.097Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Photo-oxidatively self-cleaning transparent titanium dioxide films on soda lime glass: The deleterious effect of sodium contamination and its prevention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Y. Paz  and
A. Heller
Y. Paz
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712–1062
A. Heller
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712–1062
Get access

Abstract

In the context of photocatalytically self-cleaning windows and windshields, clear, abrasion resistant, thin (60 ± 10 nm) photocatalytic films of TiO2 were formed by a sol-gel process on (a) soda lime glass, (b) the proton-exchanged surface of soda lime glass, and (c) fused silica. The hypothesis that diffusion of sodium oxide from the soda lime glass into the titanium dioxide layer during the calcination step causes the lower photoefficiency in films on glass was tested and proven. At high concentration sodium prevented formation of the photoactive anatase phase and, at low concentration, introduced surface and bulk recombination centers. Sodium transport was efficiently blocked by a thin layer at the interface of proton-exchanged (“hydrogen”) glass and nascent TiO2, formed at 400 °C of a poly(titanyl acetylacetonate) TiO2 precursor. The sodium transport blocking layer did not form and the highly photocatalytic film was not obtained when the TiO2-precursor film was applied to glass that was not proton exchanged. Furthermore, only a much less effective sodium transport blocking layer was formed on glass that was proton-exchanged, but was calcined at 400 °C prior to application of the TiO2 precursor layer, showing that the sodium depleted glass surface, by itself, was a less effective barrier against sodium transport than the interfacial product of hydrogen glass and the TiO2 precursor.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 12 , Issue 10 , October 1997 , pp. 2759 - 2766
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. (a) Blake, D. M., Bibliography of Work on the Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, May 1994. (b) O. Legrini, E. Oliveros, and M. A. Braun, Chem. Rev. 93, 671 (1993). (c) M. A. Fox and M. T. Dulay, Chem. Rev. 93, 267 (1993). (d ) Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air, edited by Ollis, D. F. and Al-Ekabi, H. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993). (e) Proceedings of The First International Conference on TiO2 Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Air and Water; London, Ontario, Canada (1992). ( f) Proceedings of The Second International Conference on TiO2 Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Air and Water; London, Ontario, Canada (1992).Google Scholar
2.Paz, Y., Luo, Z., Rabenberg, L., and Heller, A., J. Mater. Res. 10, 2842 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Cui, H., Shen, H-S., Gao, Y-M., Dwight, K., and Wold, A., Mater. Res. Bull. 28, 195 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Fukayama, S., Kawamura, K., Saito, T., Iyoda, T., Hashimoto, K., and Fujishima, A., the 187th Electrochemical Society Meeting, 95-1, Reno, NV (1995).Google Scholar
5.Xu, W. W., Kershaw, R., Dwight, K., and Wold, A., Mater. Res. Bull. 25, 1385 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Pulker, H. K., “Coating on Glass,” Thin Films Science and Technology (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984), Vol. 6.Google Scholar
7.Keesmann, I., Z. Anorgan. Allgem. Chem. 30, 346 (1966).Google Scholar
8.Bach, H. and Schroeder, H., Thin Solid Films 1, 255 (1967/1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Bahnemann, D. W., Isr. J. Chem. 33, 115 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Kotov, N. A., Meldrum, F. C., and Fendler, J. H., J. Phys. Chem. 98, 8827 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Gopel, W., Anderson, J. A., Frankel, D., Jaehnig, M., Phillips, K., Schafer, J. A., and Rocker, G., Surf. Sci. 139, 333 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Wang, L-Q., Baer, D. R., and Engelhard, M. H., Surf. Sci. 320, 295 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Wagner, C. D., Riggs, W. M., Davis, L. E., Moulder, J. F., and Muilenberg, G. E., Handbook of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Perkin-Elmer, Eden Prairie, MN).Google Scholar
14.Pantano, C. G., Jr., Dove, D. B., and Onoda, G. Y., Jr., Non-Cryst. Solids 19, 41 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Williams, E. L., Glass Industry 43, 186 (1962).Google Scholar
16.Douglas, R. W. and Isard, J. O., J. Soc. Glass Technol. 33, 289 (1949).Google Scholar
17.Boccuti, M. R., Rao, K. M., Zecchina, A., Leofanti, G., and Petrini, G., in Structure and Reactivity of Surfaces, edited by Morterra, C., Zecchina, A., and Costa, G. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989), pp. 133–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Mirajkar, S. P., Thangaraj, A., and Shiralkar, V. P., J. Phys. Chem. 96, 3073 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Schroeder, H., Phys. Thin Films 5, 87 (1969).Google Scholar
20.Formenti, M., Juillet, F., Meriaudeau, P., and Teichner, S. J., Chem. Technol. 1, 680 (1971).Google Scholar