Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T14:55:44.307Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Processing of yttrium-doped barium zirconate for high proton conductivity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Peter Babilo ,
Tetsuya Uda  and
Sossina M. Haile
Peter Babilo
Affiliation:
Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
Tetsuya Uda
Affiliation:
Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; and Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 606-8501
Sossina M. Haile*
Affiliation:
Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: smhaile@caltech.edu
Get access

Abstract

The factors governing the transport properties of yttrium-doped barium zirconate (BYZ) have been explored, with the aim of attaining reproducible proton conductivity in well-densified samples. It was found that a small initial particle size (50–100 nm) and high-temperature sintering (1600 °C) in the presence of excess barium were essential. By this procedure, BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ with 93% to 99% theoretical density and total (bulk plus grain boundary) conductivity of 7.9 × 10−3 S/cm at 600 °C [as measured by alternating current (ac) impedance spectroscopy under humidified nitrogen] could be reliably prepared. Samples sintered in the absence of excess barium displayed yttria-like precipitates and a bulk conductivity that was reduced by more than 2 orders of magnitude.

Keywords

CeramicIonic conductorSintering
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 22 , Issue 5 , May 2007 , pp. 1322 - 1330
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Ito, N., Iijima, M., Kimura, K., and Iguchi, S.: New intermediate temperature fuel cell with ultra-thin proton conductor electrolyte. J. Power Sources 152, 200 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Kreuer, K.D.: Aspects of the formation and mobility of protonic charge carriers and the stability of perovskite-type oxides. Solid State Ionics 125, 285 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Ryu, K.H. and Haile, S.M.: Chemical stability and proton conductivity of doped BaCeO3-BaZrO3 solid solutions. Solid State Ionics 125, 355 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Iwahara, H., Yajima, T., Hibino, T., Ozaki, K., and Suzuki, H.: Protonic conduction in calcium, strontium and barium zirconates. Solid State Ionics 61, 65 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Manthiram, A., Kuo, J.F., and Goodenough, J.B.: Characterization of oxygen-deficient perovskites as oxide-ion electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 62, 225 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Slade, R.C.T., Flint, S.D., and Singh, N.: Investigation of protonic conduction in Yb- and Y-doped barium zirconates. Solid State Ionics 82, 135 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Bohn, H.G. and Schober, T.: Electrical conductivity of the high-temperature proton conductor BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 768 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Katahira, K., Kohchi, Y., Shimura, T., and Iwahara, H.: Protonic conduction in Zr-substituted BaCeO3. Solid State Ionics 138, 91 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Gorelov, V.P., Balakireva, V.B., Kleshchev, Y.N., and Brusentsov, V.P.: Preparation and electrical conductivity of BaZr1− xRxO3−α(R = Sc, Y, Ho, Dy, Gd, In). Inorg. Mater. 37, 535 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Laidoudi, M., Talib, I. Abu, and Omar, R.: Investigation of the bulk conductivity of BaZr0.95M0.05O3 (M = Al, Er, Ho, Tm, Yb and Y) under wet N2. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 35, 397 (2002).Google Scholar
11Kreuer, K.D.: Proton-conducting oxides. Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. 33, 333 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Snijkers, F.M.M., Buekenhoudt, A., Cooymans, J., and Luyten, J.J.: Proton conductivity and phase composition in BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-Delta. Scripta Mater. 50, 655 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Wang, W.S. and Virkar, A.V.: Ionic and electron-hole conduction in BaZr0.93Y0.07O3−δ by 4-probe D.C. measurements. J. Power Sources 142, 1 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Savaniu, C.D., Canales-Vazquez, J., and Irvine, J.T.S.: Investigation of proton conducting BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95: BaCe0.9Y0.1O2.95 core-shell structures. J. Mater. Chem. 15, 598 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Iguchi, F., Yamada, T., Sata, N., Tsurui, T., and Yugami, H.: The influence of grain structures on the electrical conductivity of a BaZr0.95Y0.05O3 proton conductor. Solid State Ionics 177, 2281 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Chick, L.A., Pederson, L.R., Maupin, G.D., Bates, J.L., Thomas, L.E., and Exarhos, G.J.: Glycine nitrate combustion synthesis of oxide ceramic powders. Mater. Lett. 10, 6 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Armstrong, J.T.: CITZAF: A package of correction programs for the quantitative electron microbeam x-ray analysis of thick polished materials, thin films, and particles. Microbeam Anal. 4, 177 (1995).Google Scholar
18MacDonald, J.R. and Johnson, W.B.: Impedance Spectroscopy—Emphasizing Solid Materials and Systems, edited by MacDonald, J.R. (Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987), pp. 191–238.Google Scholar
19Kreuer, K.D., Adams, S., Munch, W., Fuchs, A., Klock, U., and Maier, J.: Proton conducting alkaline earth zirconates and titanates for high drain electrochemical applications. Solid State Ionics 145, 295 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Kojima, A., Tanaka, K., Oyama, Y., Higuchi, T., and Yamaguchi, S.: The 31st Symposium on Solid State Ionics in Japan, Niigata, Japan, Nov. 28–30, 2005 (The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 2006), p. 157.Google Scholar
21Babilo, P. and Haile, S.M.: Enhanced sintering of yttrium-doped barium zirconate by addition of ZnO. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 2362 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Magrez, A. and Schober, T.: Preparation, sintering, and water incorporation of proton conducting Ba0.99Zr0.8Y0.2O3−δ: Comparison between three different synthesis techniques. Solid State Ionics 175, 585 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Baldinozzi, G., Berar, J.F., and Calvarin, G.: Rietveld refinement of two-phase Zr-doped Y2O3. Mater. Sci. Forum 278–2, 680 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Shima, D. and Haile, S.M.: The influence of cation non-stoichiometry on the properties of undoped and gadolinia-doped barium cerate. Solid State Ionics 97, 443 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Wu, J., Li, L.P., Espinosa, W.T.P., and Haile, S.M.: Defect chemistry and transport properties of Ba xCe0.85M0.15O3−δ. J. Mater. Res. 19, 2366 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Wu, J., Webb, S.M., Brennan, S., and Haile, S.M.: Dopant site selectivity in BaCe0.85M0.15O3−δ by extended x-ray absorption fine structure. J. Appl. Phys. 97, 054101 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Haile, S.M., West, D.L., and Campbell, J.: The role of microstructure and processing on the proton conducting properties of gadolinium-doped barium cerate. J. Mater. Res. 13, 1576 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Guo, X. and Waser, R.: Space charge concept for acceptor-doped zirconia and ceria and experimental evidences. Solid State Ionics 173, 63 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Babilo, P. and Haile, S.M. (under preparation).Google Scholar
30Steele, B.C.H.: Oxygen ion conductors and their technological applications. Mater. Sci. Eng., B 13, 79 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Haile, S.M.: Fuel cell materials and components. Acta Mater. 51, 5981 (2003).Google Scholar