Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T01:44:16.930Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Responsiveness, swelling, and mechanical properties of PNIPA nanocomposite hydrogels reinforced by nanocellulose

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2015

Yi Chen ,
Weijian Xu ,
Wenyong Liu  and
Guangsheng Zeng
Yi Chen*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Packaging, Packaging and Materials Engineering Institute, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, China; and Institute of Polymer Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Weijian Xu
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Wenyong Liu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Packaging, Packaging and Materials Engineering Institute, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, China
Guangsheng Zeng
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Packaging, Packaging and Materials Engineering Institute, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: yiyue514@aliyun.com
Get access

Abstract

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) whisker obtained from acid hydrolysis of cotton was incorporated into the freezing polymerized PNIPA/clay hydrogels to prepare inorganic–organic hybrid nanocomposite hydrogels (named as C-NC gels). The influence of NCC on the properties of C-NC gels was investigated systematically. It was found that all C-NC gels exhibit similar lower critical solution temperature as that of NCC-free gels, being independent of the NCC content. However, with the increase of NCC content in C-NC gels, the swelling ability of gels decreases slightly while the response rate of gels increases gradually, the gels with high content of NCC exhibit an ultrarapid deswelling rate due to the amount of interconnected micropores appeared inside the gels. Moreover, the enhancement effect of increased NCC on the gels is significant, which is also determined by the swelling degree of gels directly. Comparably, for the gels with the same content of NCC, higher strength was found when the gels were kept in lower swelling ratio due to the stronger interaction of NCC through hydrogen bond in the gels.

Keywords

nanocrystalline cellulosenanocomposite hydrogelsNIPAclay
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 30 , Issue 11 , 14 June 2015 , pp. 1797 - 1807
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Sanjay Mathur

References

REFERENCES

Magalhães, J., Sousa, R.A., Mano, J.F., Reis, R.L., Blanco, F.J., and Román, J.S.: Synthesis and characterization of sensitive hydrogels based on semi-interpenetrated networks of poly[2-ethyl-(2-pyrrolidone) methacrylate] and hyaluronic acid. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A 101, 157 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, X.Z., Wu, D.Q., and Chu, C.C.: Synthesis, characterization and controlled drug release of thermosensitive IPN–PNIPAAm hydrogels. Biomaterials 25, 3793 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hua, Y.H., Youa, J.O., Augustea, D.T., Suoa, Z.G., and Vlassak, J.J.: Indentation: A simple, nondestructive method for characterizing the mechanical and transport properties of pH-sensitive hydrogels. J. Mater. Res. 27, 152 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galperin, A., Long, T.J., Garty, S., and Ratner, B.D.: Synthesis and fabrication of a degradable poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) scaffold for tissue engineering applications. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A 101, 775 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kramer, F., Klemm, D., Schumann, D., Heßler, N., Wesarg, F., Fried, W., and Stadermann, D.: Nanocellulose polymer composites as innovative pool for (bio)material development. Macromol. Symp. 244, 136 (2006).10.1002/masy.200651213CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atalla, R.H. and Vanderhart, D.L.: Native cellulose: A composite of two distinct crystalline forms. Science 223, 283 (1984).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hubbe, M.A., Rojas, O.J., Lucia, L.A., and Sain, M.: Cellulosic nanocomposites: A review. BioResource 3, 929 (2008).Google Scholar
Couderc, S., Ducloux, O., Kim, B.J., and Someya, T.: A mechanical switch device made of a polyimide coated microfibrillated cellulose sheet. J. Micromech. Microeng. 19, 055006 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klemm, D., Schumann, D., Kramer, F., Hessler, N., Hornung, M., Schmauder, H-P., and Marsch, S.: Nano celluloses as innovative polymers in research and application. Adv. Polym. Sci. 205, 49 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck-Candanedo, S., Roman, M., and Gray, D.G.: Effect of reaction conditions on the properties and behavior of wood cellulose nanocrystal suspensions. Biomacromolecules 6, 1048 (2005).10.1021/bm049300pCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klemm, D., Heublein, B., Fink, H.P., and Bohn, A.: Cellulose: Fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 44, 3358 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klemm, D., Kramer, F., Moritz, S., Lindström, T., Ankerfors, M., Gray, D., and Dorri, A.: Nanocelluloses: A new family of nature-based materials. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 50, 5438 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Sousa Lima, M.M. and Borsali, R.: Rodlike cellulose microcrystals: Structure, properties, and applications. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 25, 771 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz, M.M., Cavaille, J.Y., Dufresne, A., Gerard, J.F., and Graillat, C.: Processing and characterization of new thermoset nanocomposites reinforced by cellulose whiskers. Compos. Interfaces 7, 117 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, D.G.: Trans crystallization of polypropylene at cellulose nanocrystal surfaces. Cellulose 15, 297 (2008).10.1007/s10570-007-9176-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia de Rodriguez, N.L., Thielemans, W., and Dufresne, A.: Sisal cellulose whiskers reinforced polyvinyl acetate nanocomposites. Cellulose 13, 261 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millon, L.E. and Wan, W.K.: The polyvinyl alcohol-bacterial cellulose system as a new nanocomposite for biomedical applications. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B 79, 245 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chazeau, L., Paillet, M., and Cavaillé, J.Y.: Plasticized PVC reinforced with cellulose whiskers. I. Linear viscoelastic behavior analyzed through the quasi-point defect theory. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 37, 2151 (1999).3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, Y.J. and Simonsen, J.: Cellulose nanocrystal-filled carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6, 633 (2006).10.1166/jnn.2006.132CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grunert, M. and Winter, W.T.: Nanocomposites of cellulose acetate butyrate reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. J. Polym. Environ. 10, 27 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habibi, Y. and Dufresne, A.: Highly filled bionanocomposites from functionalized polysaccharide nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 9, 1974 (2008).10.1021/bm8001717CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, D.G., Zhong, T.H., Chang, P.G., Li, K.F., and Wu, Q.L.: Starch composites reinforced by bamboo cellulosic crystals. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 2529 (2010).10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.058CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, Q., Zhou, J.P., and Zhang, L.N.: Structure and properties of the nanocomposite films of chitosan reinforced with cellulose whiskers. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 47, 1069 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikkonen, K.S., Mathew, A.P., Pirkkalainen, K., Serimaa, R., Xu, C.L., Willfor, S., Oksman, K., and Tenkanen, M.: Glucomannan composite films with cellulose nanowhiskers. Cellulose 17, 69 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qi, H.S., Cai, J., Zhang, L.N., and Kuga, S.: Properties of films composed of cellulose nanowhiskers and a cellulose matrix regenerated from alkali/urea solution. Biomacromolecules 10, 1597 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J.H., Park, S.H., and Kim, S.H.: Preparation of cellulose nanowhiskers and their reinforcing effect in polylactide. Macromol. Res. 21, 1218 (2013).10.1007/s13233-013-1160-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, L., Morelius, E., Zhang, J.W., Wolcott, M., and Holbery, J.: Study of the poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/cellulose nanowhisker composites prepared by solution casting and melt processing. J. Compos. Mater. 42, 2629 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanmuganathan, K., Capadona, J., Rowan, S., and Weder, C.: Bio-inspired mechanically-adaptive nanocomposites derived from cotton cellulose whiskers. J. Mater. Chem. 20, 180 (2010).10.1039/B916130ACrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abitbol, T., Johnstone, T., Quinn, T.M., and Gray, D.G.: Reinforcement with cellulose nanocrystals of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels prepared by cyclic freezing and thawing. Soft Matter 7, 2373 (2011).10.1039/c0sm01172jCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeffrey, R., Capadona, J.R., Shanmuganathan, K., Dusti, J.T., and Juart, J.R.: Stimuli-responsive polymer nanocomposites inspired by the sea cucumber dermis. Science 319, 1370 (2008).Google Scholar
Morin, A. and Dufresne, A.: Nanocomposites of chitin whiskers from riftia tubes and poly (caprolactone). Macromolecules 35, 2190 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eyholzer, C., Couraça, A.B., Duc, F., Bourban, P.E., Tingaut, P., Zimmermann, T., Månson, J.A.E., and Oksman, K.: Biocomposite hydrogels with carboxymethylated, nanofibrillated cellulose powder for replacement of the nucleus pulposus. Biomacromolecules 12, 1419 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haraguchi, K., Takehisa, T., and Fan, S.: Effects of clay content on the properties of nanocomposite hydrogels composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and clay. Macromolecules 35, 10162 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haraguchi, K., Farnworth, R., Ohbayashi, A., and Takehisa, T.: Compositional effects on mechanical properties of nanocomposite hydrogels composed of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide). Macromolecules 36, 5732 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haraguchi, K. and Li, H-J.: Control of the coil-to-globule transition and ultrahigh mechanical properties of PNIPA in nanocomposite hydrogels. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 6500 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haraguchi, K. and Song, L.Y.: Microstructures formed in co-cross-linked networks and their relationships to the optical and mechanical properties of PNIPA/clay nanocomposite gels. Macromolecules 40, 5526 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endo, H., Miyazaki, S., Haraguchi, K., and Shibayama, M.: Structure of nanocomposite hydrogel investigated by means of contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering. Macromolecules 41, 5406 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, M.F., Liu, Y., Sun, B., Zhang, W., Liu, X.L., Yu, H., Zhang, Y., Kuckling, D., and Adler, H-J.P.: A novel highly resilient nanocomposite hydrogel with low hysteresis and ultrahigh elongation. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 27, 1023 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, S.D., Wang, T., Liu, D., Liu, X.X., Wang, C.Y., and Tong, Z.. Fast deswelling and highly extensible poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-hectorite clay nanocomposite cryogels prepared by freezing polymerization. Polymer 54, 1846 (2013).10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Y. and Xu, W.J.: The evolution of structure and properties of PNIPA/clay nanocomposite hydrogels with the freezing time in polymerization. J. Mater. Res. 29, 820 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyazaki, S., Endo, H., Karino, T., Haraguchi, K., and Shibayama, M.. Gelation mechanism of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-clay nanocomposite gels. Macromolecules 40, 4287 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar