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Solid state transitions of Bi2O3 nanoparticles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2014

Gerrit Guenther  and
Olivier Guillon
Gerrit Guenther
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany; and Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
Olivier Guillon*
Affiliation:
Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: o.guillon@fz-juelich.de
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Abstract

The solid-state phase transitions of bismuth(III) oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles were investigated by complementary methods such as differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis with combined thermogravimetry and mass spectrometry, and high-temperature x-ray diffraction as compacted nanopowder. At room temperature the particles resided in the β-phase, which is usually a metastable high-temperature phase of bulk Bi2O3. The complementary experimental methods were linked and a nanophase (tetragonal β-phase) → bulk-phase (monoclinic α-phase) transition was identified which was preceded by crystal growth and evaporation of O and C containing species. It was also shown that the atmosphere (more precisely its absolute pressure) has an influence on the transition behavior. An interpretation was proposed that successfully explains all observations from this work and from literature: A sudden destabilization takes place around 735 K due to the loss of the stabilizing, carbonized surface. This leads to the observed transformation to the bulk-phase. But if the particles are smaller than a certain, critical size in the nanorange and are not allowed to grow, they remain in the nanophase until they melt.

Keywords

nanoparticlesoxidestructural characterizationphase transitionmetastablesize-stabilizedsize-dependentpolymorphismsize-selected
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 29 , Issue 12 , 28 June 2014 , pp. 1383 - 1392
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

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References

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