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Structural and ferromagnetic properties of Cu-doped GaN

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2011

B. Seipel ,
R. Erni ,
Amita Gupta ,
C. Li ,
F.J. Owens ,
K.V. Rao ,
N.D. Browning  and
P. Moeck
B. Seipel*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751; and Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI)
R. Erni
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616
Amita Gupta
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751; Department of Materials Science, Tmfy-MSE, The Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
C. Li
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751; and Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI)
F.J. Owens
Affiliation:
Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, Picatinny, New Jersey 07896; and Department of Physics, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York 10024
K.V. Rao
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science, Tmfy-MSE, The Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
N.D. Browning
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616; and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
P. Moeck
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751 and Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI)
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: bseipel@pdx.edu
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Abstract

The wurtzite polymorph of GaN was calcined with CuO in flowing nitrogen. As a result of this processing, both superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance studies showed ferromagnetism in these samples at room temperature. These magnetic results are qualitatively consistent with very recent first-principle calculations [Wu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett.89, 062505 (2006)] that predict ferromagnetism in Cu-doped GaN. We focus in this paper on analyzing changes in the GaN atomic and electronic structure due to calcination with CuO using multiple analytical methods. Quantitative powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) showed changes in the lattice constants of the GaN due to the incorporation of copper (and possibly oxygen). Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy proved the incorporation of copper into the GaN crystal structure. Electron-gun monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy showed CuO calcinations-induced GaN band gap changes and indicated changes in the atomic arrangements due to the calcination process. The fine structure of the N K-edge showed differences in the peak ratios with respect to higher nominal CuO contents, corresponding to an increase in the c-lattice constant as confirmed by XRD.

Keywords

Magnetic propertiesSemiconductingTransmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 22 , Issue 5 , May 2007 , pp. 1396 - 1405
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

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