Hostname: page-component-7f64f4797f-9t7q9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-11-04T14:17:41.330Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Structure and gas permeation of nanoporous carbon membranes based on RF resin/F-127 with variable catalysts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2014

Bing Zhang ,
Xiaolong Dang ,
Yonghong Wu ,
Hongjing Liu ,
Tonghua Wang  and
Jieshan Qiu
Bing Zhang*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China
Xiaolong Dang
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China
Yonghong Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China
Hongjing Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China
Tonghua Wang
Affiliation:
Carbon Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Jieshan Qiu
Affiliation:
Carbon Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: bzhangdut@163.com, zhangbing@sut.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Nanoporous carbon membranes (NCMs) were fabricated by the blends of resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) resin and Pluronic F-127 through the processes of assembly, membrane-casting, solidification, and pyrolysis. The effect of the catalyst type (i.e., NaOH and Na2CO3) on the structure and property of precursors and their derived NCMs was investigated. The as-obtained precursors and NCMs were characterized by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption, and gas permeation techniques. The results have shown that defect-free NCMs can be easily procured by the NaOH and Na2CO3 catalysts. In contrast, the precursor made from the Na2CO3 catalyst exhibits higher char yield than that from NaOH after pyrolysis. NaOH-based NCMs are beneficial for the separation of H2/N2 and CO2/N2 gas pairs. Na2CO3-based NCMs are more favorable for the separation of O2/N2 with an ideal selectivity of 6.29 and an O2 permeability of 3.27 Barrer.

Keywords

resorcinolcatalystcarbon membranesgas separation

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 29 , Issue 23 , 14 December 2014 , pp. 2881 - 2890
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Ismail, A.F., Rana, D., Matsuura, T., and Foley, H.C.: Carbon-based Membranes for Separation Processes (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, New York, USA, 2011), p. 302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gogotsi, Y., Nikitin, A., Ye, H., Zhou, W., Fischer, J.E., Yi, B., Foley, H.C., and Barsoum, M.W.: Nanoporous carbide-derived carbon with tunable pore size. Nat. Mater. 2, 591 (2003).Google Scholar
Che, G., Lakshmi, B.B., Fisher, E.R., and Martin, C.R.: Carbon nanotubule membranes for electrochemical energy storage and production. Nature 393, 346 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegal, M.P., Overmyer, D.L., Kottenstette, R.J., Tallant, D.R., and Yelton, W.G.: Nanoporous-carbon films for microsensor preconcentrators. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3940 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, J., Klauda, J.B., and Sandler, S.I.: Monte Carlo simulation of O2 and N2 adsorption in nanoporous carbon (C168 Schwarzite). Langmuir 19, 3512 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paul, D.R.: Creating new types of carbon-based membranes. Science 335, 413 (2012).Google Scholar
Buonomenna, M.G., Yave, W., and Golemme, G.: Some approaches for high performance polymer based membranes for gas separation: Block copolymers, carbon molecular sieves and mixed matrix membranes. RSC Adv. 2, 10745 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tin, P.S., Xiao, Y., and Chung, T-S.: Polyimide-carbonized membranes for gas separation: Structural, composition, and morphological control of precursors. Sep. Purifi. Rev. 35, 285 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salleh, W.N.W., Ismail, A.F., Matsuura, T., and Abdullah, M.S.: Precursor selection and process conditions in the preparation of carbon membrane for gas separation: A review. Sep. Purifi. Rev. 40, 261 (2011).Google Scholar
Katsaros, F.K., Steriotis, Th.A., Romanos, G.E., Konstantakou, M., Stubos, A.K., and Kanellopoulos, N.K.: Preparation and characterisation of gas selective microporous carbon membranes. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 99, 181 (2007).Google Scholar
Fuertes, A.B. and Menendez, I.: Separation of hydrocarbon gas mixtures using phenolic resin-based carbon membranes. Sep. Purif. Technol. 28, 29 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, Y-R., Nakao, M., Nishiyama, N., Egashira, Y., and Ueyama, K.: Gas permeation and pervaporation of water/alcohols through the microporous carbon membranes prepared from resorcinol/formaldehyde/quaternary ammonium compounds. Sep. Purif. Technol. 73, 2 (2010).Google Scholar
Salleh, W.N.W. and Ismail, A.F.: Effect of stabilization condition on PEI/PVP-based carbon hollow fiber membranes properties. Sep. Sci. Technol. 48, 1030 (2013).Google Scholar
Yin, X., Chu, N., Yang, J., Wang, J., and Li, Z.: Thin zeolite T/carbon composite membranes supported on the porous alumina tubes for CO2 separation. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 15, 55 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, B., Shi, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, T., and Qiu, J.: Towards the preparation of ordered mesoporous carbon/carbon composite membranes for gas separation. Sep. Sci. Technol. 49, 171 (2014).Google Scholar
Lee, H.J., Suda, H., Haraya, K., and Moon, S.H.: Gas permeation properties of carbon molecular sieving membranes derived from the polymer blend of polyphenylene oxide (PPO)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). J. Membr. Sci. 296, 139 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, P.S., Wey, M.Y., Tseng, H.H., Kumar, I.A., and Weng, T.H.: A comparison of carbon/nanotube molecular sieve membranes with polymer blend carbon molecular sieve membranes for the gas permeation application. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 113, 499 (2008).Google Scholar
Kim, Y.K., Park, H.B., and Lee, Y.M.: Gas separation properties of carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from polyimide/polyvinylpyrrolidone blends: Effect of the molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone. J. Membr. Sci. 251, 159 (2005).Google Scholar
Zhang, X., Hu, H., Zhu, Y., and Zhu, S.: Carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from phenol formaldehyde novolac resin blended with poly(ethylene glycol). J. Membr. Sci. 289, 86 (2007).Google Scholar
Hosseini, S.S. and Chung, T.S.: Carbon membranes from blends of PBI and polyimides for N2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 separation and hydrogen purification. J. Membr. Sci. 328, 174 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, C., Hong, K., Guiochon, G.A., Mays, J.W., and Dai, S.: Synthesis of a large-scale highly ordered porous carbon film by self-assembly of block copolymers. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 43, 5785 (2004).Google Scholar
Song, L., Feng, D., Fredin, N.J., Yager, K.G., Jones, R.L., Wu, Q., Zhao, D., and Vogt, B.D.: Challenges in the fabrication of mesoporous carbon films with ordered cylindrical pores via phenolic oligomer self-assembly with triblock copolymers. ACS Nano 4, 189 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kataoka, S., Yamamoto, T., Inagi, Y., Endo, A., Nakaiwa, M., and Ohmori, T.: Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon thin films at various temperatures in vapor infiltration method. Carbon 46, 1358 (2008).Google Scholar
Tanaka, S., Nakatani, N., Doi, A., and Miyake, Y.: Preparation of ordered mesoporous carbon membranes by a soft-templating method. Carbon 49, 3184 (2011).Google Scholar
Zhang, B., Shi, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, T., and Qiu, J.: Preparation and characterization of supported ordered nanoporous carbon membranes for gas separation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 131, 2136 (2014).Google Scholar
Liu, D., Lei, J-H., Guo, L-P., and Deng, K-J.: Simple hydrothermal synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons from resorcinol and hexamine. Carbon 49, 2113 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ElKhatat, A.M. and Al-Muhtaseb, S.A.: Advances in tailoring resorcinol-formaldehyde organic and carbon gels. Adv. Mater. 23, 2887 (2011).Google Scholar
Zhang, B., Wang, T., Zhang, S., Qiu, J., and Jian, X.: Preparation and characterization of carbon membranes made from poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone). Carbon 44, 2764 (2006).Google Scholar
Benk, A., Talu, M., and Coban, A.: Phenolic resin binder for the production of metallurgical quality briquettes from coke breeze: Part II the effect of the type of the basic catalyst used in the resol production on the tensile strength of the formed coke briquettes. Fuel Process. Technol. 89, 38 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Job, N., Panariello, F., Marien, J., Crine, M., Pirard, J., and Léonard, A.: Synthesis optimization of organic xerogels produced from convective air-drying of resorcinol–formaldehyde gels. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 24 (2006).Google Scholar
Lin, C. and Ritter, J.A.: Effect of synthesis pH on the structure of carbon xerogels. Carbon 35, 1271 (1997).Google Scholar
Wei, H-Z., Wang, C-G., Wang, H-Q., and Bai, Y-J.: Synthesis of high crosslinking density phenolic resin. J. Adv. Mater. 38, 54 (2006).Google Scholar
Holopainen, T., Alvila, L., Rainio, J., and Pakkanen, T.T.: Phenol-formaldehyde resol resins studied by 13C-NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 66, 1183 (1997).3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munoz, J-C., Kua, H., Cardona, F., and Rogers, D.: Effects of catalysts and post-curing conditions in the polymer network of epoxy and phenolic resins: Preliminary results. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 202, 486 (2008).Google Scholar
Christiansen, A.W.: Resorcinol–formaldehyde reactions in dilute solution observed by carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 75, 1760 (2000).Google Scholar
Xue, C., Tu, B., and Zhao, D.: Facile fabrication of hierarchically porous carbonaceous monoliths with ordered mesostructure via an organic organic self-assembly. Nano Res. 2, 242 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, A-H., Spliethoff, B., and Schüth, F.: Aqueous synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon via self-assembly catalyzed by amino acid. Chem. Mater. 20, 5314 (2008).Google Scholar
Tanaka, S., Doi, A., Nakatani, N., Katayama, Y., and Miyake, Y.: Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon films, powders, and fibers by direct triblock-copolymer-templating method using an ethanol/water system. Carbon 47, 2688 (2009).Google Scholar
Zhou, W., Yoshino, M., Kita, H., and Okamoto, K.: Carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from phenolic resin with a pendant sulfonic acid group. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40, 4801 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekala, R.W.: Organic aerogels from the polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde. J. Mater. Sci. 24, 3221 (1989).Google Scholar
Lu, A., Kiefer, A., and Schmidt, W.: Synthesis of polyacrylonitrile-based ordered mesoporous carbon with tunable pore structures. Chem. Mater. 16, 100 (2004).Google Scholar
Gierszal, K.P., Kim, T-W., Ryoo, R., and Jaroniec, M.: Adsorption and structural properties of ordered mesoporous carbons synthesized by using various carbon precursors and ordered siliceous p6mm and ia3̄d mesostructures as templates. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 23263 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuertes, A.B.: Synthesis of ordered nanoporous carbons of tunable mesopore size by templating SBA-15 silica materials. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 67, 273 (2004).Google Scholar
Tanaka, S., Nishiyama, N., Egashira, Y., and Ueyama, K.: Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons with channel structure from an organic–organic nanocomposite. Chem. Commun. 2125 (2005).Google Scholar
Zhang, X., Hu, H., Zhu, Y., and Zhu, S.: Effect of carbon molecular sieve on phenol formaldehyde novolac resin based carbon membranes. Sep. Purif. Technol. 52, 261 (2006).Google Scholar
Carretero, J., Benito, J.M., Guerrero-Ruiz, A., Rodríguez-Ramos, I., and Rodríguez, M.A.: Infiltrated glassy carbon membranes in γ-Al2O3 supports. J. Membr. Sci. 281, 500 (2006).Google Scholar
Yoshimune, M., Yamamoto, T., Nakaiwa, M., and Haraya, K.: Preparation of highly mesoporous carbon membranes via a sol–gel process using resorcinol and formaldehyde. Carbon 46, 1031 (2008).Google Scholar
Park, B., Ridel, B., Hsu, E., and Shields, J.: Differential scanning calorimetry of phenol–formaldehyde resins cure-accelerated by carbonates. Polymer 40, 1689 (1999).Google Scholar
Tanaka, S., Yasuda, T., Katayama, Y., and Miyake, Y.: Pervaporation dehydration performance of microporous carbon membranes prepared from resorcinol/formaldehyde polymer. J. Membr. Sci. 379, 52 (2011).Google Scholar
Horikawa, T., Hayashi, J., and Muroyama, K.: Controllability of pore characteristics of resorcinol–formaldehyde carbon aerogel. Carbon 42, 1625 (2004).Google Scholar
Menendez, I. and Fuertes, A.B.: Aging of carbon membranes under different environments. Carbon 39, 733 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, T., Zhang, B., Qiu, J., Wu, Y., Zhang, S., and Cao, Y.: Effects of sulfone/ketone in poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) on the gas permeation of their derived carbon membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 330, 319 (2009).Google Scholar