Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T06:01:25.817Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Supercapacitance properties of porous carbon from chemical blending of phenolic resin and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2016

Xiaohong Xia ,
Xuefang Zhang ,
Shangqi Yi ,
Hui Chen  and
Hongbo Liu
Xiaohong Xia
Affiliation:
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China; and Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Spray Deposition Technology and Application, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China
Xuefang Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
Shangqi Yi
Affiliation:
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
Hui Chen
Affiliation:
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
Hongbo Liu*
Affiliation:
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China; and Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Spray Deposition Technology and Application, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: xxh@hnu.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

We have reported the chemical blending carbonization method to obtain microporous carbon with high surface area for application as electrode materials in supercapacitors. Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with different methylene numbers (n = 2, 4, 6, and 8) react with phenolic resin (PF) during curing process. Abundant micropores are created in the carbon matrix after the decomposition of grafted or blocked diacids at temperature higher than 400 °C. The specific surface area (SSA) of the carbonized blending system increases with the diacid chain length, but decreases after n > 4 of the chain length. The maximum SSA of the blending system is up to 605.9 m2/g, which increased approximately 68% compared to that of the neat carbonized PF. Electrochemical investigation indicates that the highest specific capacitances of the blending system reaches 175 F/g at a specific current of 0.1 A/g in 30 wt% KOH aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, the capacitance maintenance achieves 82.8% as the current density enlarged 55 times.

Keywords

microporous materialsphenolic resinaliphatic dicarboxylic acidschemical blendingelectrochemical properties
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 31 , Issue 12 , 28 June 2016 , pp. 1665 - 1673
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Chen, T. and Dai, L.: Carbon nanomaterials for high-performance supercapacitors. Mater. Today 16, 272–280 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, J., Yang, D., Li, W., Gao, Y., and Li, H.: Synthesis and electrochemical performance of porous carbons by carbonization of self-assembled polymer bricks. Electrochim. Acta 130, 699–706 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, Z., Zhu, Y., Yi, H., and Chen, X.: A simple CaCO3-assisted template carbonization method for producing nitrogen-containing nanoporous carbon spheres and its electrochemical improvement by the nitridation of azodicarbonamide. Electrochim. Acta 155, 93–102 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz-Rosas, R., Valero-Romero, M.J., Salinas-Torres, D., Rodríguez-Miraso, J., Cordero, T., Morallón, E., and Cazorla-Amorós, D.: Electrochemical performance of hierarchical porous carbon materials obtained from the infiltration of lignin into zeolite templates. ChemSusChem 7, 1458–1467 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, X.L. and Xu, A.W.: Carbonaceous hydrogels and aerogels for supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 4852–4864 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ju, H., Song, W., and Fan, L.: Rational design of graphene/porous carbon aerogels for high-performance flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 10895–10903 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Y., Kim, G., Bang, Y., Yi, J., Seo, J., and Song, I.K.: Activated carbon aerogel containing graphene as electrode material for supercapacitor. Mater. Res. Bull. 50, 240–245 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, G., Wang, H., Lu, X., Ling, Y., Yu, M., Zhai, T., Tong, Y., and Li, Y.: Solid-state supercapacitor based on activated carbon cloths exhibits excellent rate capability. Adv. Mater. 26, 2676–2682 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kima, B., Yanga, K.S., and Ferraris, J.P.: Highly conductive, mesoporous carbon nanofiber web as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta 75, 325–331 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalra, C.V.: Fabrication of porous carbon nanofibers with adjustable pore sizes as electrodes for supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 235, 289–296 (2013).Google Scholar
Heather, A.A., Kate, L., and Alicia, M.O.: Effect of Fe-contamination on rate of self-discharge in carbon-based aqueous electrochemical capacitors. J. Power Sources 187, 275–283 (2009).Google Scholar
Suarez-Garcia, F., Vilaplana-Ortego, E., Kunowsky, M., Kimura, M., Oya, A., and Linares-Solano, A.: Activation of polymer blend carbon nanofibres by alkaline hydroxides and their hydrogen storage performances. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34, 9141–9150 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jung, K.H. and Ferraris, J.P.: Preparation and electrochemical properties of carbon nanofibers derived from polybenzimidazole/polyimide precursor blends. Carbon 50, 5309–5315 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niu, H., Zhang, J., Xie, Z., Wang, X., and Lin, T.: Preparation, structure and supercapacitance of bonded carbon nanofiber electrode materials. Carbon 49, 2380–2388 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, Z., Li, W., Ding, J., Li, A., and Gan, W.: Effect of PS-b-PCL block copolymer on reaction-induced phase separation in epoxy/PEI blend. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 52, 1395–1402 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X. and Wei, B.: Supercapacitors based on nanostructured carbon. Nano Energy 2, 159–173 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, X., Liu, H., He, Y., Shi, L., Chen, H., and Yang, L.: Investigation of porous carbon fabricated by polymer blending of phenolic resin and suberic acid. J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 9, 545–550 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bueno, P.R., Mizzon, G., and Davis, J.J.: Capacitance spectroscopy: A versatile approach to resolving the redox density of states and kinetics in redox-active self-assembled monolayers. J. Phys. Chem. B 116, 8822–8829 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goes, M.S., Rahman, H., Ryall, J., Davis, J.J., and Bueno, P.R.: A dielectric model of self-assembled monolayer interfaces by capacitive spectroscopy. Langmuir 28, 9689–9699 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xing, W., Huang, C.C., Zhuo, S.P., Yuan, X., Wang, G.Q., Hulicova-Jurcakova, D., Yan, Z.F., and Lu, G.Q.: Hierarchical porous carbons with high performance for supercapacitor electrodes. Carbon 47, 1715–1722 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, M.H., Byun, H.Y., and Chung, I.J.: The effect of chain length of flexible diacid on morphology and mechanical property of modified phenolic resin. Polymer 43, 4437–4444 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ko, T.H., Kuo, W.S., and Chang, Y.H.: Microstructural changes of phenolic resin during pyrolysis. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 81(5), 1084–1089 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, K.T., Lytle, J.C., Ergang, N.S., Oh, S.M., and Stein, A.: Synthesis and rate performance of monolithic macroporous carbon electrodes for lithium-ion secondary batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 15, 547–556 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, W., Zhang, H., Huang, Y., Wang, W., and Wei, S.: Hierarchical porous carbon obtained from animal bone and evaluation in electric double-layer capacitors. Carbon 49, 838–843 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Q., Liang, X.Y., and Qiao, W.M.: Preparation of polystyrene-based activated carbon spheres with high surface area and their adsorption to dibenzothiophene. Fuel Process. Technol. 90, 381–387 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, X.H., Shi, L., Liu, H.B., Yang, L., and He, Y.D.: A facile production of microporous carbon spheres and their electrochemical performance in EDLC. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 73, 385–390 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, Y., Murali, S., Stoller, M.D., Ganesh, K.J., Cai, W., Ferreira, P.J., Pirkle, Adam, Wallace, R.M., Cychosz, K.A., Thommes, M., Su, D., Stach, E.A., and Ruoff, R.S.: Carbon-based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene. Science 332, 1537–1541 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jisha, M.R., Hwang, Y.J., and Shin, J.S.: Electrochemical characterization of supercapacitors based on carbons derived from coffee shells. Mater. Chem. Phys. 115, 33–39 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qu, D.: Studies of the activated carbons used in double-layer supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 109, 403–411 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bard, A.J., Abruna, H.D., Chidsey, C.E., Faulkner, L.R., Feldberg, S.W., and Itaya, K.: The electrode/electrolyte interface-A status report. J. Phys. Chem. 97, 7147–7173 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawangphruk, M., Srimuk, P., Chiochan, P., Krittayavathananon, A., Luanwuthi, S., and Limtrakul, J.: High-performance supercapacitor of manganese oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite coated on flexible carbon fiber paper. Carbon 60, 109–116 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, W., Rakhi, R.B., Hu, L., Xie, X., Cui, Y., and Alshareef, H.N.: High-performance nanostructured supercapacitors on a sponge. Nano Lett. 11, 5165–5172 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Song, H.K., Sung, J.H., and Jung, Y.H.: Electrochemical porosimetry. J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, E102–E109 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tooming, T., Thomberg, T., Kurig, H., Janes, A., and Lust, E.: High power density supercapacitors based on the carbon dioxide activated D-glucose derived carbon electrodes and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid. J. Power Sources 280, 667–677 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar