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Surface and grain boundary energies of tin dioxide at low and high temperatures and effects on densification behavior

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2014

Chi-Hsiu Chang  and
Ricardo H.R. Castro
Chi-Hsiu Chang
Affiliation:
Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory at NEAT ORU, University of California, Davis, California; and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
Ricardo H.R. Castro*
Affiliation:
Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory at NEAT ORU, University of California, Davis, California; and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: rhrcastro@ucdavis.edu
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Abstract

This work presents experimental data on the surface and grain boundary energies of tin dioxide nanoparticles at room temperature and high temperature conditions (quenched from 1300 °C), and a discussion of impacts on the fundamental understanding of the nondensification mechanism of SnO2 during sintering. The results were obtained using a combination of water adsorption microcalorimetry, high-temperature oxide melt drop solution calorimetry, and scanning electron transmission microscopy. At room temperature, the average surface and grain boundary energies of anhydrous SnO2 were 1.20 ± 0.02 and 0.71 ± 0.08 J m−2, respectively. At high temperature, SnO2 showed a surface energy of 0.94 ± 0.03 J m−2. This remarkable decrease was attributed to the lower oxygen pressure and was associated with a decrease in contact angle during sintering. This observation indicates a moderate but significant thermodynamic reason behind nondensification behavior of SnO2 in addition to common kinetic descriptions: high sintering temperatures and atmospheres cause smaller dihedral angles that decrease sintering stresses.

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Articles
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Journal of Materials Research , Volume 29 , Issue 9 , 14 May 2014 , pp. 1034 - 1046
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

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