Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T07:16:01.320Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Synthesis and performance evaluation of binuclear metal phthalocyanines as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for Li/SOCl2 batteries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2018

Yuanyuan Su ,
Ying Zhang ,
Ronglan Zhang ,
Fei Yang  and
Jianshe Zhao
Yuanyuan Su
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, People’s Republic of China
Ying Zhang*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, People’s Republic of China
Ronglan Zhang*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, People’s Republic of China
Fei Yang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, People’s Republic of China
Jianshe Zhao*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: zhangrl@nwu.edu.cn
b)e-mail: jszhao@nwu.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Two series of binuclear metal phthalocyanine complexes M2(PcTN)2Nap and M2(PcTA)2Nap (M = Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Cu2+) were designed and synthesized through the liquid solvent method and amination reaction. Elemental analysis, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy were applied to characterize the compounds. To evaluate their catalytic performance, all the compounds were respectively added into the electrolyte of Li/SOCl2 battery systems as well as three-electrode systems for cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The research studies indicate that the average discharge voltage and discharge time of the battery could be effectively enhanced by 0.2440 V and 810.7 s when compared with the battery in the absence of the compounds. As for capacities of the batteries containing catalysts, they were also found to have an improvement of 51.78–91.62%. Among the effects of diverse metal ions on the catalytic performance of phthalocyanines, the complexes whose center metal ions were Mn2+ or Co2+ exhibited relatively high catalytic performance. Meanwhile, combined with experimental results of CV analyses, the suggested catalytic mechanism of binuclear phthalocyanines for catalyzing Li/SOCl2 batteries had been proposed.

Keywords

binuclear metal phthalocyanineslithium/thionyl chloride batterycatalytic performancescatalytic mechanism
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 16 , 28 August 2018 , pp. 2376 - 2384
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

c)

These authors contributed equally to this work.

References

REFERENCES

Ko, Y. and Lee, C.T.: Effects of the structural characteristics of carbon cathode on the initial voltage delay in Li/SOCl2 battery. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 18, 72 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venkatasetty, H.V. and Saathoff, D.J.: Properties of LiAlCl4–SOCl2 solutions for Li/SOCl2 battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 128, 773 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, R.L., Xu, B., Wang, J.F., Zhao, J.S., and Zhang, S.C.: Binuclear transition metal phthalocyanines with superior performance as electrocatalysts for lithium/thionyl chloride battery. J. Mater. Res. 29, 793 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Z., Zhang, G., and Cao, Z.: Effect of N atoms in the backbone of metal phthalocyanine derivatives on their catalytic activity to lithium battery. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 318, 101 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, T., Zhang, W., Wang, Z., and Song, X.: Amorphous carbon-coated TiO2, nanocrystals for improved lithium-ion battery and photocatalytic performance. Nano Energy 6, 109 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, J.Q., Zhuang, Q.C., and Shi, Y.L.: Tertiary butyl hydroquinone as a novel additive for SEI film formation in lithium-ion batteries. RSC Adv. 6, 42885 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, K.R.V., Keshavayya, J., and Swamy, B.E.K.: Spectral and electrochemical investigation of octanitro substituted metal phthalocyanines. Dyes Pigm. 80, 1 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhong, J.P., Fan, Y.J., and Wang, H.: Copper phthalocyanine functionalization of graphene nanosheets as support for platinum nanoparticles and their enhanced performance toward methanol oxidation. J. Power Sources 242, 208 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jing, M., Zhou, M., and Li, G.: Graphene-embedded Co3O4 rose-spheres for enhanced performance in lithium ion batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 9662 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wen, J.Q., Xie, J., Chen, X.B., and Li, X.: A review on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts. Appl. Surf. Sci. 391, 72 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shrestha, N.K., Kohn, H., and Imamura, M.: Electrophoretic deposition of phthalocyanine in organic solutions containing trifluoroacetic acid. Langmuir 26, 17024 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stuchinskaya, T., Moreno, M., and Cook, M.J.: Targeted photodynamic therapy of breast cancer cells using antibody–phthalocyanine–gold nanoparticle conjugates. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 10, 822 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mthethwa, T.P., Tuncel, S., and Durmuş, M.: Photophysical and photochemical properties of a novel thiol terminated low symmetry zinc phthalocyanine complex and its gold nanoparticles conjugate. Dalton Trans. 42, 4922 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sorokin, A.B. and Kudrik, E.V.: Phthalocyanine metal complexes: Versatile catalysts for selective oxidation and bleaching. Catal. Today 159, 37 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bottari, G., Trukhina, O., and Ince, M.: Towards artificial photosynthesis: Supramolecular, donor–acceptor, porphyrin- and phthalocyanine/carbon nanostructure ensembles. Coord. Chem. Rev. 256, 2453 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuncel, S., Kaya, E.N., and Durmuş, M.: Distribution of single-walled carbon nanotubes in pyrene containing liquid crystalline asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine matrix. Dalton Trans. 43, 4689 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
García-Iglesias, M., Yum, J.H., and Humphry-Baker, R.: Effect of anchoring groups in zinc phthalocyanine on the dye-sensitized solar cell performance and stability. Chem. Sci. 2, 1145 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royer, J.E., Kappe, E.D., and Zhang, C.: Organic thin-film transistors for selective hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxide vapor detection. J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 24566 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pillay, J. and Vilakazi, S.: Nanostructured metallophthalocyanine complexes: Synthesis and electrocatalysis. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 16, 785 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, Y., Jiang, Y., and Chen, W.: Graphene nanosheet-tailored PtPd concave nanocubes with enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability for methanol oxidation. Nanoscale 6, 3309 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ikeue, T., Sonoda, M., and Kurahashi, S.: Annulated dinuclear palladium(II) phthalocyanine complex as an effective photo-oxidation catalyst for near-infrared region light. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 13, 1170 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bata, P., Notheisz, F., and Kluson, P.: Iron phthalocyanine as new efficient catalyst for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of simple aldehydes and ketones. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 29, 45 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, R., Lei, Y.J., Zhan, Y.Q., and Meng, F.B.: Solid-state pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine polymer into iron nanowire inside carbon nanotube and their novel electromagnetic properties. J. Mater. Res. 28, 2369 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, R., Tang, H.L., Guo, H., and Lei, Y.J.: A facile preparation of hyperbranched copper phthalocyanine microspheres and their wideband microwave absorption properties. J. Mater. Res. 28, 1609 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, B., Zhang, R.L., and Wang, J.F.: Investigation of binuclear metal phthalocyanines as electrocatalysts for Li/SOCl2 battery. J. Solid State Electrochem. 17, 2391 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, R., Wang, J., and Xu, B.: Catalytic activity of binuclear transition metal phthalocyanines in electrolyte operation of lithium/thionyl chloride battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H704 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, R.Q., Zhang, R.L., Xu, B., and Yang, F.: Highly improving the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 modified by metal phthalocyanines as cathode materials. J. Mater. Res. 30, 645 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, H., Chen, J.M., Li, Q.J., and Su, C.Y.: Modified molecular framework derived highly efficient Mn–Co–carbon cathode for a flexible Zn-air battery. Chem. Commun. 53, 11596 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Su, C.Y., Cheng, H., Li, W., Liu, Z.Q., and Li, N.: Atomic modulation of FeCo–nitrogen–carbon bifunctional oxygen electrodes for rechargeable and flexible all-solid-state zinc-air battery. Adv. Energy Mater. 7, 13 (2017).Google Scholar
Karaoğlan, G.K., Gümrükçü, G., and Koca, A.: Synthesis and characterization of novel soluble phthalocyanines with fused conjugated unsaturated groups. Dyes Pigm. 90, 11 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arıcı, M., Arıcan, D., and Uğur, A.L.: Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical characterization of newly synthesized manganese, cobalt, iron and copper phthalocyanines. Electrochim. Acta 87, 554 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ray, S. and Vasudevan, S.: Encapsulation of cobalt phthalocyanine in zeolite-Y: Evidence for nonplanar geometry. Inorg. Chem. 42, 1711 (2003).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ceyhan, T., Yüksek, M., and Yağlıoğlu, H.G.: Synthesis, characterization and nonlinear absorption of novel octakis-POSS substituted metallophthalocyanines and strong optical limiting property of CuPc. Dalton Trans. 18, 2407 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, P.W., Li, K., and Yu, Y.X.: Cobalt-doped graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts with high activity for hydrogen evolution. Appl. Surf. Sci. 392, 608 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukherjee, M., Ghorai, U.K., and Samanta, M.: Graphene wrapped copper phthalocyanine nanotube: Enhanced photocatalytic activity for industrial waste water treatment. Appl. Surf. Sci. 418, 156 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, B., Zhu, M., and Li, X.: A stable and efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution system based on covalently linked silicon-phthalocyanine-graphene with surfactant. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41, 11537 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X., Shen, R.C., Ma, S., Chen, X.B., and Xie, J.: Graphene-based heterojunction photocatalysts. Appl. Surf. Sci. 430, 53 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, W.S. and Choi, Y.K.: Electrocatalytic effects of thionyl chloride reduction by polymeric Schiff base transition metal(II) complexes. Appl. Catal., A 252, 163 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, D., Feng, H., and Li, J.: Graphene oxide: Preparation, functionalization, and electrochemical applications. Chem. Rev. 112, 6027 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, Z., Zhao, J., and Li, H.: Influence of the electronic configuration of the central metal ions on catalytic activity of metal phthalocyanines to Li/SOCl2 battery. J. Power Sources 194, 1081 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar