Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T07:05:37.516Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Thickness Effect on Thermally Induced Phase Transformations in Sputtered Titanium-nickel Shape-memory Films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2005

D. Wan  and
K. Komvopoulos
D. Wan
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
K. Komvopoulos*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: kyriakos@me.berkeley.edu
Get access

Abstract

The effect of the film thickness on the phase transformations encountered in sputtered titanium-nickel (TiNi) shape-memory films due to thermal cycling in the temperature range of −150 to 150 °C was examined in the context of electrical resistivity (ER) measurements. A hysteresis in the ER response was observed for film thickness greater than 300 nm. This phenomenon is characteristic of shape-memory materials and is attributed to the rhombohedral (R) phase produced during cooling from the high-temperature cubic austenite phase to the low-temperature monoclinic martensite phase. The decrease of the TiNi film thickness below 300 nm resulted in a smaller ER hysteresis, leading eventually to its disappearance for film thickness less than ∼50 nm. The results indicate that spatial constraints introduced by the film surface and film/substrate interface generate a resistance force, which prevents lattice distortion and twinning. The inhibition of these mechanisms, which control self-accommodation R-phase transformation, leads to the suppression and eventual disappearance of the shape memory effect for film thickness less than ∼100 nm.

Keywords

Crystallographic structureMicrostructurePhase transformation
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 20 , Issue 6 , June 2005 , pp. 1606 - 1612
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Buehler, W.J., Gilfrich, J.V. and Wiley, R.C.: Effect of lowtemperature phase changes on the mechanical properties of alloys near composition TiNi. J. Appl. Phys. 34, 1475 (1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Wang, F.E., Buehler, W.J. and Pickart, S.J.: Crystal structure and a unique “martensitic” transition of TiNi. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3232 (1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Wang, F.E.: Transformation twinning of B2(CsCl)-type structure based on an inhomogeneous shear model. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 92 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Wang, F.E., Pickart, S.J. and Alperin, H.A.: Mechanism of the TiNi martensitic transformation and the crystal structures of TiNi-II and TiNi-III phases. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 97 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Kudoh, Y., Tokonami, M., Miyazaki, S. and Otsuka, K.: Crystal structure of the martensite in Ti-49.2 at.% Ni alloy analyzed by the single crystal x-ray diffraction method. Acta Metall. 33, 2049 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Miyazaki, S., Otsuka, K. and Wayman, C.M.: The shape memory mechanism associated with the martensitic transformation in Ti-Ni alloys. I. Self-accommodation. Acta Metall. 37, 1873 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Miyazaki, S., Otsuka, K. and Wayman, C.M.: The shape memory mechanism associated with the martensitic transformation in Ti-Ni alloys. II. Variant coalescence and shape recovery. Acta Metall. 37, 1885 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Wayman, C.M. and Duerig, T.W. In Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys, edited by Duerig, T.W., Melton, K.N., Stockel, D., and Wayman, C.M. (Butterworth-Heinemann, London, U.K., 1990), pp. 3–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Dautovich, D.P. and Purdy, G.R.: Phase transformations in TiNi. Can. Metall. Quart. 4, 129 (1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Cai, W., Murakami, Y. and Otsuka, K.: Study of R-phase transformation in a Ti-50.7at.%Ni alloy by in situ transmission electron microscopy observations. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 273–275, 186 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Miyazaki, S. and Otsuka, K.: Mechanical behaviour associated with the premartensitic rhombohedral-phase transition in a Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy. Philos. Mag. A 50, 393 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Miyazaki, S. and Otsuka, K.: Deformation and transition behavior associated with the R-phase in Ti–Ni alloys. Metall. Trans. A 17, 53 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Miyazaki, S., Kimura, S. and Otsuka, K.: Shape-memory effect and pseudoelasticity associated with the R-phase transition in Ti–50.5 at.% Ni single crystals. Philos. Mag. A 57, 467 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Stachowiak, G.B. and McCormick, P.G.: Shape memory behaviour associated with the R and martensitic transformations in a NiTi alloy. Acta Metall. 36, 291 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Lehnert, T., Crevoiserat, S. and Gotthardt, R.: Transformation properties and microstructure of sputter-deposited Ni–Ti shape memory alloy thin films. J. Mater. Sci. 37, 1523 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Ma, X.-G. and Komvopoulos, K.: Nanoscale pseudoelastic behavior of indented titanium-nickel films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3773 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Ma, X.-G. and Komvopoulos, K.: Pseudoelasticity of shape-memory titanium-nickel films subjected to dynamic nanoindentation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4274 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Meng, Q., Rong, Y. and Hsu, T.Y.: Nucleation barrier for phase transformations in nanosized crystals. Phys. Rev. B. 65, 174118 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Evans, A.G., Burlingame, N., Drory, M. and Kriven, W.M.: Martensitic transformations in zirconia—Particle size effects and toughening. Acta Metall. 29, 447 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Yan, W.Y., Reisner, G. and Fischer, F.D.: Micromechanical study on the morphology of martensite in constrained zirconia. Acta Mater. 45, 1969 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Santamarta, R. and Schryvers, D.: Effect of amorphous–crystalline interfaces on the martensitic transformation in Ti50Ni25Cu25. Scripta Mater. 50, 1423 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Hackl, K., Schmidt-Baldassari, M., Zhang, W. and Eggeler, G.: Surface energies and size effects in shape-memory-alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 378, 499 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Lin, M., Olson, G.B. and Cohen, M.: Homogeneous martensitic nucleation in Fe–Co precipitates formed in a Cu matrix. Acta Metall. Mater. 41, 253 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Kitakami, O., Sato, H. and Shimada, Y.: Size effect on the crystal phase of cobalt fine particles. Phys. Rev. B 56, 13849 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Kajiwara, S., Ohno, S. and Honma, K.: Martensitic transformations in ultra-fine particles of metals and alloys. Philos. Mag. A 63, 625 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Waitz, T. and Karnthaler, H.P.: Martensitic transformation of TiNi nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix. Acta Mater. 52, 5461 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Waitz, T., Kazykhanov, V. and Karnthaler, H.P.: Martensitic phase transformations in nanocrystalline TiNi studied by TEM. Acta Mater. 52, 137 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Lukáš, P., Šittner, P., Lugovoy, D., Neov, D. and Ceretti, M.: In situ neutron diffraction studies of the R-phase transformation in the TiNi shape memory alloy. Appl. Phys. A 74(Suppl.), S1121 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Fukuda, T., Saburi, T., Doi, K. and Nenno, S.: Nucleation and self-accommodation of the R-phase in Ti–Ni alloys. Mater. Trans. JIM 33, 271 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Wang, F.E., DeSavage, B.F., Buehler, W.J. and Hosler, W.R.: The irreversible critical range in the TiNi transition. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 2166 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Ma, X.-G. and Komvopoulos, K.: In situ transmission electron microscopy and nanoindentation studies of phase transformation and pseudoelasticity of shape memory titanium-nickel films. J. Mater. Res. 20, (July 2005, in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar