Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T20:07:50.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Transforming large-scale industrially produced carbon nanotubes to high-performance electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2011

Hong-Li Zhang  and
Daniel E. Morse
Hong-Li Zhang*
Affiliation:
Center for Energy Efficient Materials and Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
Daniel E. Morse*
Affiliation:
Center for Energy Efficient Materials and Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: hongli.zhang@icb.ucsb.edu
b)e-mail: d_morse@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Get access

Abstract

Large-scale industrial production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has recently become available, but there are relatively few reports of the investigation of these industrially produced bulk CNTs as potential electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we report our evaluation of the electrochemical performance of the industrially produced CNTs from one manufacturer and our utilization of a kinetically controlled, vapor diffusion synthesis method combined with in-situ carbothermal reduction to homogeneously grow nanocrystalline tin (Sn) particles (∼200 nm) in the matrix of the CNTs, yielding a Sn@CNTs composite. After surface coating with a layer of carbon coating (3–4 nm), this composite was transformed to a surface-modified Sn@CNTs composite that exhibited much higher reversible capacity, initial Coulombic efficiency, and rate capacity than the pristine CNTs as anode materials for LIB.

Keywords

SnElectrical propertiesComposite
Type
Invited Feature Paper
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , 28 January 2012 , pp. 410 - 416
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Jorio, A., Dresselhaus, G., and Dresselhaus, M.S.: Carbon Nanotubes: Advanced Topics in the Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications (Springer, New York, 2008), pp. 13, 46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Bayer MaterialScience: Baytubes®. http://www.baytubes.com/news_and_services/faq.html.Google Scholar
3.Landi, B.J., Ganter, M.J., Cress, C.D., DiLeo, R.A., and Raffaelle, R.P.: Carbon nanotubes for lithium ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2, 638 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Lota, G., Fic, K., and Frackowiak, E.: Carbon nanotubes and their composites in electrochemical applications. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 1592 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Yang, S.B., Huo, J.P., Song, H.H., and Chen, X.H.: A comparative study of electrochemical properties of two kinds of carbon nanotubes as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta 53, 2238 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Mukhopadhyay, I., Hoshino, N., Kawasaki, S., Okino, F., Hsu, W.K., and Touhara, H.: Electrochemical Li insertion in B-doped multiwall carbon nanotubes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149, A39 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Kawasaki, S., Hara, T., Iwai, Y., and Suzuki, Y.: Metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes as the anode material of Li ion secondary battery. Mater. Lett. 62, 2917 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Wang, X.X., Wang, J.N., Chang, H., and Zhang, Y.F.: Preparation of short carbon nanotubes and application as an electrode material in Li-ion batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 3613 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Leroux, F., Metenier, K., Gautier, S., Frackowiak, E., Bonnamy, S., and Beguin, F.: Electrochemical insertion of lithium in catalytic multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J. Power Sources 81, 317 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Shaijumon, M.M. and Ramaprabhu, S.: Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by pyrolysis of acetylene using alloy hydride materials as catalysts and their hydrogen adsorption studies. Chem. Phys. Lett. 374, 513 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Zhang, H.L. and Morse, D.E.: Kinetically controlled catalytic synthesis of highly dispersed metal-in-carbon composite and its electrochemical behavior. J. Mater. Chem. 19, 9006 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Winter, M. and Besenhard, J.O.: Electrochemical lithiation of tin and tin-based intermetallics and composites. Electrochim. Acta 45, 31 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Park, J.W., Rajendran, S., and Kwon, H.S.: Effects of substrate morphology and ageing on cycle performance of a Sn-anode fabricated by electroplating. J. Power Sources 159, 1409 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Li, N.C., Martin, C.R., and Scrosati, B.: Nanomaterial-based Li-ion battery electrodes. J. Power Sources 97–98, 240 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Hassoun, J., Derrien, G., Panero, S., and Scrosati, B.: A nanostructured Sn-C composite lithium battery electrode with unique stability and high electrochemical performance. Adv. Mater. 20, 3169 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Mao, O., Turner, R.L., Courtney, I.A., Fredericksen, B.D., Buckett, M.I., Krause, L.J., and Dahn, J.R.: Active/inactive nanocomposites as anodes for Li-ion batteries. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2, 3 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Jung, Y.S., Lee, K.T., Ryu, J.H., Im, D., and Oh, S.M.: Sn-carbon core-shell powder for anode in lithium secondary batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, A1452 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Derrien, G., Hassoun, J., Panero, S., and Scrosati, B.: Nanostructured Sn-C composite as an advanced anode material in high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 19, 2336 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Kim, I.S., Blomgren, G.E., and Kumta, P.N.: Sn/C composite anodes for Li-ion batteries. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A44 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Yang, J., Wachtler, M., Winter, M., and Besenhard, J.O.: Sub-microcrystalline Sn and Sn-SnSb powders as lithium storage materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2, 161 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Zhang, W.M., Hu, J.S., Guo, Y.G., Zheng, S.F., Zhong, L.S., Song, W.G., and Wan, L.J.: Tin-nanoparticles encapsulated in elastic hollow carbon spheres for high-performance anode material in lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 20, 1160 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Wachtler, M., Besenhard, J.O., and Winter, M.: Tin and tin-based intermetallics as new anode materials for lithium-ion cells. J. Power Sources 94, 189 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Shin, H.C. and Liu, M.L.: Three-dimensional porous copper-tin alloy electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 15, 582 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Hassoun, J., Panero, S., Simon, P., Taberna, P.L., and Scrosati, B.: High-rate, long-life Ni-Sn nanostructured electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 19, 1632 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Lou, X.W., Wang, Y., Yuan, C.L., Lee, J.Y., and Archer, L.A.: Template-free synthesis of SnO2 hollow nanostructures with high lithium storage capacity. Adv. Mater. 18, 2325 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Park, M.S., Wang, G.X., Kang, Y.M., Wexler, D., Dou, S.X., and Liu, H.K.: Preparation and electrochemical properties of SnO2 nanowires for application in lithium-ion batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46, 750 (2007).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Yu, Y., Chen, C.H., and Shi, Y.: A tin-based amorphous oxide composite with a porous, spherical, multideck-cage morphology as a highly reversible anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 19, 993 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Han, S.J., Jang, B.C., Kim, T., Oh, S.M., and Hyeon, T.: Simple synthesis of hollow tin dioxide microspheres and their application to lithium-ion battery anodes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 15, 1845 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Tech-On!: Sony Enlarges Sn-based Li-ion Battery for Use in Notebook Computers. http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20110720/193457/.Google Scholar
30.Wang, K., He, X.M., Ren, J.G., Jiang, C.Y., and Wan, C.R.: Preparation of Sn/C microsphere composite anode for lithium-ion batteries via carbothermal reduction. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 9, A320 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Wang, G.X., Ahn, J.H., Lindsay, M.J., Sun, L., Bradhurst, D.H., Dou, S.X., and Liu, H.K.: Graphite-tin composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 97–98, 211 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Lee, J.Y., Zhang, R.F., and Liu, Z.L.: Dispersion of Sn and SnO on carbon anodes. J. Power Sources 90, 70 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Wang, G.X., Yao, J., Liu, H.K., Dou, S.X., and Ahn, J.H.: Electrochemical characteristics of tin-coated MCMB graphite as anode in lithium-ion cells. Electrochim. Acta 50, 517 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Veeraraghavan, B., Durairajan, A., Haran, B., Popov, B., and Guidotti, R.: Study of Sn-coated graphite as anode material for secondary lithium-ion batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149, A675 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Schwenzer, B., Roth, K.M., Gomm, J.R., Murr, M., and Morse, D.E.: Kinetically controlled vapor-diffusion synthesis of novel nanostructured metal hydroxide and phosphate films using no organic reagents. J. Mater. Chem. 16, 401 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Brutchey, R.L. and Morse, D.E.: Silicatein and the translation of its molecular mechanism of biosilicification into low temperature nanomaterial synthesis. Chem. Rev. 108, 4915 (2008).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Kisailus, D., Schwenzer, B., Gomm, J., Weaver, J.C., and Morse, D.E.: Kinetically controlled catalytic formation of zinc oxide thin films at low temperature. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 10276 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Zhang, H.L., Li, F., Liu, C., and Cheng, H.M.: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coated idea revisited: Influence of carbonization procedures on PVC-coated natural graphite as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 7767 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Wang, Y.G., Wang, Y.R., Hosono, E., Wang, K., and Zhou, H.S.: The design of a LiFePO4/carbon nanocomposite with a core-shell structure and its synthesis by an in situ polymerization restriction method. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 7461 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Zhang, H.L., Liu, S.H., Li, F., Bai, S., Liu, C., Tan, J., and Cheng, H.M.: Electrochemical performance of pyrolytic carbon-coated natural graphite spheres. Carbon 44, 2212 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar