Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:46:38.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of Bubble Location on Pore Shape in Solid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 September 2017

S. Y. Hsiao  and
P. S. Wei
S. Y. Hsiao
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical EngineeringNational Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
P. S. Wei*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical EngineeringNational Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
*
*Corresponding author (pswei@mail.nsysu.edu.tw)
Get access

Abstract

The shapes of a pore resulting from an entrapped bubble by a solidification front for different locations of the bubble below the free surface are predicted in this work. Bubble location is an important factor affecting temperature gradient in liquid, solute gas dissipated into the ambient, heterogeneous nucleation of the bubble and shape of the bubble cap, and subsequent entrapment and the pore shape in solid. The shapes of pores in solid influence not only material properties, but also contemporary issues of engineering, biology, medical technology and science, etc. This study takes into account solute transport across a coupling shape of the pore cap determined by the Young-Laplace equation governing balance of liquid, gas and capillary pressures. The results find that increases in depthwise location of a bubble increase pore radius and time for bubble entrapment as solute transport is from the pore across cap emerged through a concentration boundary layer along the solidification front into surrounding liquid in the early stage. On the other hand, the bubble cannot be entrapped, provided that solute transport in opposite directions across the cap submerged in a concentration boundary layer along the solidification front. The predicted growth and entrapment of a tiny bubble as a pore in solid agree with experimental data. Understanding and controlling of the pore shape via controlling bubble location is of interest and challenging.

Keywords

Pore formationBubble entrapmentPorosityPorous material
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Mechanics , Volume 35 , Issue 1 , February 2019 , pp. 121 - 129
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Nakajima, H., “Fabrication, Properties and Application of Porous Metals with Directional Pores,” Progress in Materials Science, 52, pp. 1091–1173 (2007).Google Scholar
2. Yoshimura, K., Inada, T. and Koyama, S.,“Growth of Spherical and Cylindrical Oxygen Bubbles at an Ice-Water Interface,” Crystal Growth and Design, 8, pp. 2108–2115 (2008).Google Scholar
3. Kou, S., Welding Metallurgy, Wiley, New York (1987).Google Scholar
4. Sulfredge, C. D., Chow, L. C. and Tagavi, K. A., “Artificial Dispersal of Void Patterns in Unidirectional Freezing,” Experimental Heat Transfer, 6, pp. 389–409 (1993).Google Scholar
5. Zhao, H., White, D. R. and DebRoy, T., “Current Issues and Problems in Laser Welding of Automotive Aluminum Alloys,” International Materials Reviews, 44, pp. 238–266 (1999).Google Scholar
6. Elmer, J. W., Vaja, J., Carlton, H. D. and Pong, R., “The Effect of Ar and N2 Shielding Gas on Laser Weld Porosity in Steel, Stainless Steels, and Nickel,” Welding Journal, 94, pp. 313–325 (2015).Google Scholar
7. Wei, P. S., Huang, C. C. and Lee, K. W., “Nucleation of Bubbles on a Solidification Front-Experiment and Analysis,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 34, pp. 321–332 (2003).Google Scholar
8. Catalina, A. V., Stefanescu, D. M., Sen, S. and Kaukler, W. F., “Interactions of Porosity with a Planar Solid/Liquid Interface,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 35, pp. 1525–1538 (2004).Google Scholar
9. Tatarchenko, V. A., “Cylindrical Pores in a Growing Crystal,” Journal of Crystal Growth, 143, pp. 294–300 (1994).Google Scholar
10. Wei, P. S. and Ho, C. Y., “An Analytical Self-Consistent Determination of a Bubble with a Deformed Cap Trapped in Solid during Solidification,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 33, pp. 91–100 (2002).Google Scholar
11. Wei, P. S., “Thermal Science of Weld Bead Defects: A Review,” in Special Issue on Advanced Thermal Processing, Journal of Heat Transfer, 133, 031005 (2011).Google Scholar
12. Park, J. S., Hyun, S. K., Suzuki, S. and Nakajima, H., “Effect of Transference Velocity and Hydrogen Pressure on Porosity and Pore Morphology of Lotus-Type Porous Copper Fabricated by a Continuous Casting Technique,” Acta Materialia, 55, pp. 5646–5654 (2007).Google Scholar
13. Drenchev, L., Sobczak, J., Sobczak, N., Sha, W. and Malinov, S., “A Comprehensive Model of Ordered Porosity Formation,” Acta Materialia, 55, pp. 6459–6471 (2007).Google Scholar
14. Wei, P. S. and Hsiao, S. Y., “Pore Shape Development from a Bubble Captured by a Solidification Front,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55, pp. 8129–8138 (2012).Google Scholar
15. Wei, P. S. and Hsiao, S. Y., “Pore Formation from Bubble Entrapment by a Solidification Front,” American Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2, pp. 76–88 (2015).Google Scholar
16. Jones, S. F., Evans, G. M. and Galvin, K. P., “The Cycle of Bubble Production from a Gas Cavity in a Supersaturated Solution,” Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 80, pp. 51–84 (1999).Google Scholar
17. Cox, M. C., Anilkumar, A. V., Grugel, R. N. and Lee, C. P., “Effect of Step-Wise Change in Processing Pressure on Isolated Pore Growth during Controlled Directional Solidification in Small Channels,” Journal of Crystal Growth, 311, pp. 327–336 (2009).Google Scholar
18. Lee, C. P., Anilkumar, A. V., Cox, M. C., Lioi, C. B. and Grugel, R. N., “Evolution of Elongated Pores at the Melt-Solid Interface during Controlled Directional Solidification,” Acta Materialia, 61, pp. 3752–3757 (2013).Google Scholar
19. Wei, P. S. and Hsiao, C. C., “Microbubble or Pendant Drop Control Described by a General Phase Diagram,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52, pp. 1304–1312 (2009).Google Scholar
20. Wei, P. S., Huang, C. C., Wang, Z. P., Chen, K. Y. and Lin, C. H., “Growths of Bubble/Pore Sizes in Solid during Solidification -An In Situ Measurement and Analysis,” Journal of Crystal Growth, 270, pp. 662–673 (2004).Google Scholar