Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T15:28:27.249Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

High-Fidelity Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Adaptive Gas Turbine Stator-Rotor Flow Interaction at Off-Design Conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2020

Nikita Kozak ,
Fei Xu ,
Manoj R. Rajanna ,
Luis Bravo ,
Muthuvel Murugan ,
Anindya Ghoshal ,
Yuri Bazilevs  and
Ming-Chen Hsu Open the ORCID record for Ming-Chen Hsu [Opens in a new window]
Nikita Kozak
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
Fei Xu
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011, USA Ansys Inc., Austin, Texas 78746, USA
Manoj R. Rajanna
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
Luis Bravo
Affiliation:
U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA
Muthuvel Murugan
Affiliation:
U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA
Anindya Ghoshal
Affiliation:
U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA
Yuri Bazilevs
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, Brown University Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
Ming-Chen Hsu*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
*
*Corresponding author (jmchsu@iastate.edu)

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The objective of this work is to computationally investigate the impact of an incidence-tolerant rotor blade concept on gas turbine engine performance under off-design conditions. When a gas turbine operates at an off-design condition such as hover flight or takeoff, large-scale flow separation can occur around turbine blades, which causes performance degradation, excessive noise, and critical loss of operability. To alleviate this shortcoming, a novel concept which articulates the rotating turbine blades simultaneous with the stator vanes is explored. We use a finite-element-based moving-domain computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework to model a single high-pressure turbine stage. The rotor speeds investigated range from 100% down to 50% of the designed condition of 44,700 rpm. This study explores the limits of rotor blade articulation angles and determines the maximal performance benefits in terms of turbine output power and adiabatic efficiency. The results show articulating rotor blades can achieve an efficiency gain of 10% at off-design conditions thereby providing critical leap-ahead design capabilities for the U.S. Army Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program.

Keywords

compressible flowstabilized finite element methodsgas turbineoff-design performance
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Mechanics , Volume 36 , Issue 5 , October 2020 , pp. 595 - 606
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

References

REFERENCES

Welch, G. E., “Assessment of aerodynamic challenges of a variable-speed power turbine for large civil tilt-rotor application,” In Proceedings of the 66th American Helicopter Society International Annual Forum (AHS Forum 66) (2010).Google Scholar
Murugan, M., Booth, D., Ghoshal, A., Thurman, D. and Kerner, K., “Concept study for adaptive gas turbine rotor blade,” The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 4, pp. 10-17 (2015).Google Scholar
Murugan, M., Ghoshal, A., Xu, F., Hsu, M.-C., Bazilevs, Y., Bravo, L. and Kerner, K., “Analytical study of articulating turbine rotor blade concept for improved off-design performance of gas turbine engines,” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 139, pp. 102601 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, G. J., “The role of laminar-turbulent transition in gas turbine engines: A discussion,” Journal of Turbomachinery, 115, pp. 207-216 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, S. A., “Rotor dynamic feasibility of a conceptual variable-speed power turbine propulsion system for large civil tilt-rotor applications,” In Proceedings of the 68th American Helicopter Society International Annual Forum (AHS Forum 68) (2012).Google Scholar
Murugan, M., Ghoshal, A. and Bravo, L., “Adaptable articulating axial-flow compressor/turbine rotor blade,” US Patent Application 20180066671 A1 (2017).Google Scholar
Le, B. and Alvin, T., “Variable stator vanes,” US Patent 3237918A (1963).Google Scholar
Weiler, W., “Variable stator cascades for axial-flow turbines of gas turbine engines,” US Patent 4314791A (1978).Google Scholar
Olive, C. E., “Control of variable stator vanes,” US Patent 5024580A (1989).Google Scholar
Brethouwer, G., “The effect of rotation on rapidly sheared homogeneous turbulence and passive scalar transport. Linear theory and direct numerical simulation,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 542, pp. 305-342 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acharya, S. and Mahmood, G., “Turbine blade aerodynamics,” In The Gas Turbine Handbook, chapter 4.3, National Energy Technology Laboratory, (2006).Google Scholar
Corke, T. C. and Thomas, F. O., “Dynamic stall in pitching airfoils: aerodynamic damping and compressibility effects,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 47, pp. 479-505 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wirkowski, P., “Influence of the incorrect settings of axial compressor inlet variable stator vanes on gas turbine engine work parameters,” Journal of KONES, Powertrain and Transport, 19, pp. 483-489 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Z., Li, J., Fan, K. and Li, S., “The off-design performance simulation of marine gas turbine based on optimum scheduling of variable stator vanes,” Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2017, pp. 2671251 (2017).Google Scholar
Xu, F., Moutsanidis, G., Kamensky, D., Hsu, M.-C., Murugan, M., Ghoshal, A. and Bazilevs, Y., “Compressible flows on moving domains: Stabilized methods, weakly enforced essential boundary conditions, sliding interfaces, and application to gasturbine modeling,” Computers & Fluids, 158, pp. 201-220 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, T. J. R. and Tezduyar, T. E., “Finite element methods for first-order hyperbolic systems with particular emphasis on the compressible Euler equations,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 45, pp. 217-284 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, T. J. R., Franca, L. P. and Mallet, M., “A new finite element formulation for computational fluid dynamics: I. Symmetric forms of the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations and the second law of thermodynamics,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 54, pp. 223-234 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, T. J. R. and Mallet, M., “A new finite element formulation for computational fluid dynamics: III. The generalized streamline operator for multidimensional advective-diffusive systems,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 58, pp. 305-328 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, T. J. R., Franca, L. P. and Mallet, M., “A new finite element formulation for computational fluid dynamics: VI. Convergence analysis of the generalized SUPG formulation for linear time-dependent multi-dimensional advective-diffusive systems,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 63, pp. 97-112 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauke, G. and Hughes, T. J. R., “A unified approach to compressible and incompressible flows,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 113, pp. 389-396 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauke, G. and Hughes, T. J. R., “A comparative study of different sets of variables for solving compressible and incompressible flows,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 153, pp. 1-44 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauke, G., “sabilizing matrices for the computation of compressible flows in primitive variables,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 190, pp. 6881-6893 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tezduyar, T. E. and Park, Y. J., “Discontinuity capturing finite element formulations for nonlinear convection-diffusion-reaction equations,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 59, pp. 307-325 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, T. J. R., Mallet, M. and Mizukami, A., “A new finite element formulation for computational fluid dynamics: II. Beyond Simple SUPG,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 54, pp. 341-355 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, T. J. R. and Mallet, M., “A new finite element formulation for computational fluid dynamics: IV. A discontinuity-capturing operator for multidimensional advective-diffusive systems,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 58, pp. 329-339 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tezduyar, T. E., “Finite element methods for fluid dynamics with moving boundaries and interfaces,” In E. Stein, R. De Borst, and T. J. R. Hughes, editors, Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics, Volume 3: Fluids, chapter 17, John Wiley & Sons (2004).Google Scholar
Rispoli, F., Saavedra, R., Corsini, A. and Tezduyar, T. E., “Computation of inviscid compressible flows with the V-SGS stabilization and YZβ shock-capturing,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 54, pp. 695-706 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rispoli, F., Saavedra, R., Menichini, F. and Tezduyar, T. E., “Computation of inviscid supersonic flows around cylinders and spheres with the V-SGS stabilization and YZβ shock-capturing,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, 76, pp. 021209 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rispoli, F., Delibra, G., Venturini, P., Corsini, A., Saavedra, R. and Tezduyar, T. E., “Particle tracking and particle-shock interaction in compressible-flow computations with the V-SGS stabilization and YZβ shock-capturing,” Computational Mechanics, 55, pp. 1201-1209 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takizawa, K., Tezduyar, T. E. and Otoguro, Y., “Stabilization and discontinuity-capturing parameters for space-time flow computations with finite element and isogeometric discretizations,” Computational Mechanics, 62, pp. 1169-1186 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazilevs, Y. and Hughes, T. J. R., “Weak imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions in fluid mechanics,” Computers & Fluids, 36, pp.12-26 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazilevs, Y., Michler, C., Calo, V. M. and Hughes, T. J. R., “Weak Dirichlet boundary conditions for wall-bounded turbulent flows,” Computer Methods in AppliedMechanics and Engineering, 196, pp. 4853-4862 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazilevs, Y., Michler, C., Calo, V. M. and Hughes, T. J. R., “Isogeometric variational multiscale modeling of wall-bounded turbulent flows with weakly enforced boundary conditions on unstretched meshes,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199, pp. 780-790 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazilevs, Y. and Akkerman, I., “Large eddy simulation of turbulent Taylor-Couette flow using isogeometric analysis and the residual-based variational multiscale method,” Journal of Computational Physics, 229, pp. 3402-3414 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, M.-C., Akkerman, I. and Bazilevs, Y., “Wind turbine aerodynamics using ALE-VMS: Validation and the role of weakly enforced boundary conditions,” Computational Mechanics, 50, pp. 499-511 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazilevs, Y. and Hughes, T. J. R., “NURBS-based isogeometric analysis for the computation of flows about rotating components,” Computational Mechanics, 43, pp. 143-150 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, M.-C., Akkerman, I. and Bazilevs, Y., “Finite element simulation of wind turbine aerodynamics: Validation study using NREL Phase VI experiment,” Wind Energy, 17, pp. 461-481 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, M.-C. and Bazilevs, Y., “Fluid-structure interaction modeling of wind turbines: simulating the full machine,” Computational Mechanics, 50, pp. 821-833 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, F., Bazilevs, Y. and Hsu, M.-C., “Immersogeometric analysis of compressible flows with application to aerodynamic simulation of rotorcraft,” Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 29, pp. 905-938 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, J. and Hulbert, G. M., “A time integration algorithm for structural dynamics with improved numerical dissipation: The generalized-α method,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, 60, pp. 371-75 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansen, K. E., Whiting, C. H. and Hulbert, G. M., “A generalized-a method for integrating the filtered Navier-Stokes equations with a stabilized finite element method,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 190, pp. 305-319 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazilevs, Y., Calo, V. M., Hughes, T. J. R. and Zhang, Y., “Isogeometric fluid-structure interaction: theory, algorithms, and computations,” Computational Mechanics, 43, pp. 3-37 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakib, F., Hughes, T. J. R. and Johan, Z., “A multielement group preconditioned GMRES algorithm for nonsymmetric systems arising in finite element analysis,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 75, pp. 415-456 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, M.-C., Wang, C., Herrema, A. J., Schillinger, D., Ghoshal, A. and Bazilevs, Y., “An interactive geometry modeling and parametric design platform for isogeometric analysis,” Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 70, pp. 1481-1500 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schobeiri, M., Turbomachinery Flow Physics and Dynamic Performance, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Logan, E. Jr., and Roy, R., Handbook of Turbomachinery. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2nd edition (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeong, J. and Hussain, F., “On the identification of a vortex,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 285, pp. 69-94 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, J. C. R., Wray, A. A. and Moin, P., “Eddies, streams, and convergence zones in turbulent flows,” In Proceeding of the Summer Program 1988 , pp. 193-208. Center for Turbulence Research (1988).Google Scholar
Suder, K., Durbin, K., Giel, P., Poinsatte, P., Thrurman, P. and Ameri, A., “Variable speed turbine technology development and demonstration,” In Proceedings of the 74th American Helicopter Society International Annual Forum (AHS Forum 74) (2018).Google Scholar
Ainley, D. G. and Mathieson, G. C. R., “A method of performance estimation for axial-flow turbines,” Technical report, Aeronautical Research Council Reports and Memoranda, no. 2974 (1951).Google Scholar